Abstract: The Tibet Plateau is very sensitive to climate change. In order to explore the effect of climate change on soil nematode communities of alpine meadow in northern Tibet,we used OTC (open top chamber) to simulate climate warming for 3 months,and the difference of soil nematode community at different depth between inside and outside of OTC was analyzed using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the relative abundance of Chromadorea was less inside of OTC than outside of OTC,the relative abundance of Enoplea was more inside of OTC than outside of OTC;the relative abundance of Dorylaimida was more inside of OTC than outside of OTC,the relative abundance of Tylenchida was less inside of OTC than outside of OTC. The soil physical and chemical indexes,Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺,organic matter and pH,were highly correlated with soil nematode at class level. Short-term warming changed the soil nematode community of alpine meadow in the northern Tibet. Long-term and large-scale warming might occur more unpredictable changes in the future and affect the alpine grassland ecosystem.

Key words: warming, high-throughput sequencing, soil nematode, alpine meadow, northern Tibet

摘要： 青藏高原对气候变化十分敏感，为探讨气候变化对藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落的影响，以开顶式气室（open top chamber，OTC）模拟增温3个月，利用高通量测序技术分析OTC内外不同深度土壤线虫的群落组成，探索这种方法在高原土壤线虫研究中的应用效果。结果表明，OTC内色矛纲（Chromadorea）线虫的相对丰度都较OTC外小，OTC内刺嘴纲（Enoplea）线虫都较OTC外大；OTC内矛线目（Dorylaimida）线虫的相对丰度都较OTC外大，OTC内垫刃目（Tylenchida）线虫都较OTC外小。土壤理化指标Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、有机质和pH与纲水平土壤线虫相关性较大。短期增温已使藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落组成在纲、目水平上发生改变，在长期增温及大幅度增温的未来有可能发生更大的不可测变化，从而深刻影响青藏高原草地生态系统。

关键词: 增温, 高通量测序, 土壤线虫, 高寒草甸, 藏北