Abstract: The study aimed to elucidate the genetic diversity of the main agronomic traits in 28 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) germplasm resources that were introduced to Harbin.A total of 22 agronomic traits were evaluated,including diversity analysis,correlation analysis,clustering analysis,and principal component analysis. The results showed that these A. hypochondriacus germplasms represented an abundant genetic diversity. The variable coefficients of 13 quality traits were inflorescence color (1.569) > stem color (1.525) > stem stripe color (1.294 > leaf color (0.956) > reverse leaf color (0.906) > density of flower clusters (0.856) > apex shape of leaf (0.822) > seed color (0.658) > inflorescence gesture > petiole anthocyanin color (0.628) > inflorescence cluster type (0.257). The highest genetic diversity index (1.612) and the highest coefficient variation of capsule number (34.59%) of the dry weight per plant were detected in 9 quantitative traits. The dry weight per plant was found to be very significant positively correlated to the plant height,blade length,blade width,stem diameter,petiole length,main inflorescence length,productive branches per plant and 1000-grain weight. Cluster analysis suggested four subgroups in 28 A. hypochondriacus germplasm resources. For instance，the group Ⅰ had medium characters,the group Ⅱ had good comprehensive traits,while the accessions with high-pillar and high-yield of excellent material,the group Ⅲ had the thickest stalks,the longest inflorescence and the largest 1000-grain weight,which can be used as high seed yield excellent breeding material,the group Ⅳ had the shortest plant height and high ornamental value. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the three principal component factors was 78.048%,as well as the first principal factor was mainly related to the dry grass yield,the second principal factor was mainly related to the seed yield,the third principal factor was mainly related to the morphological traits. Taken together,the study provided a theoretical basis for future utilization of A. hypochondriacus germplasm resources in parental selection and modern variety breeding in China.

Key words: A. hypochondriacus, Germplasm resources, Agronomic traits, Genetic diversity

摘要： 为了解在哈尔滨地区引种的28份籽粒苋（Amaranthus hypochondriacus）种质资源的遗传多样性，本试验对28份籽粒苋的22个农艺性状指标进行了多样性指数分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明：该批籽粒苋种质资源具有较为丰富的遗传多样性，13个质量性状的Shannon多样性指数分别为花序颜色（1.569） > 茎颜色（1.525） > 茎条纹颜色（1.294） > 花序一级侧枝姿态（1.061） > 叶脉明显程度（1.000） > 叶正面颜色（0.956） > 叶背面颜色（0.906） > 团伞状花簇的密度（0.856） > 叶片先端形状（0.822） > 种子颜色（0.658） > 花序姿态（0.656） > 叶柄花青甙显色（0.628） > 花序花簇类型（0.257）；9个数量性状遗传多样性指数和变异系数均以单株干重最大，分别为1.612和34.59%。相关分析结果表明，单株干重与株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、叶柄长、主序花序长和单株有效分枝数均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。通过聚类分析将28份资源分为4类，第Ⅰ类群各性状中等；第Ⅱ类群综合性状均较好，属于高秆、高产籽粒苋优异材料；第Ⅲ类群茎秆最粗、主花序最长、千粒重最大，可作为选育种子高产的优异材料；第Ⅳ类群为矮秆、观赏型籽粒苋特异材料。主成分分析结果显示，前3个主成分的累计贡献率为78.048%，其中第1主成分与籽粒苋的干草产量有关，第2主成分与种子产量有关，第3主成分与形态性状有关。本研究对28份籽粒苋的多个形态指标进行了深入分析，可为我国籽粒苋种质资源高效利用、亲本选择和品种改良提供理论基础。

关键词: 籽粒苋, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 遗传多样性