Abstract: In order to identify different alfalfa varieties effectively,this study established fingerprints of 10 different alfalfa varieties preliminarily using SRAP markers,and analyzed the genetic diversity of 3 alfalfa varieties. The results showed that the SRAP primer combinations of FR12,FR14,FR16,FR18 and FR21 had high polymorphic. The 10 different alfalfa varieties could be identified by two SRAP combinations,FR6-FR21 and FR21-FR17. The genetic diversity analysis found that the change trend of the Nei's index of three alfalfa cultivars were almost the same as Shannon index. The genetic diversity index of Medicago varia Martin. ‘Caoyuan No.3’ had significant difference between the two materials with different material origins and utilization years (P<0.05). It showed that Medicago varia Martin. had high genetic variation degree and high genetic diversity level. In this study,two fingerprints were constructed to identify different alfalfa varieties at the molecular level. Meanwhile,analysis of genetic diversity in three alfalfa varieties provided theoretical reference for rational utilization and application of alfalfa germplasm resources in agricultural production.

Key words: Alfalfa, Fingerprinting map, Genetic diversity, SRAP

摘要： 为快速有效地鉴定苜蓿属（Medicago）在内蒙古地区种植较广泛的10个品种，为后续研究奠定基础。本试验利用SRAP（Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism）标记初步建立了10个苜蓿品种的指纹图谱，并分析了其中3个苜蓿品种的遗传多样性。试验结果表明，SRAP标记FR12，FR14，FR16，FR18，FR21引物组合在10个苜蓿品种中的多态性较好；利用SRAP标记FR6和FR21组合、FR21和FR17组合，制作出2套指纹图谱，均可有效鉴定出10个苜蓿品种。通过对‘呼伦贝尔’黄花苜蓿、‘草原3号’杂花苜蓿、‘敖汉’苜蓿的遗传多样性进行分析，得到这3个苜蓿品种的平均Nei's遗传多样性指数H和平均Shannon's信息指数I变化规律均一致，且不同产地和利用年限的2份‘草原3号’杂花苜蓿材料的遗传多样性指数达到显著差异（P<0.05）；表明杂花苜蓿的遗传变异程度较大，多样性水平较高。本研究构建了2套苜蓿指纹图谱，有利于从分子水平鉴定不同苜蓿种质资源，同时苜蓿3个种的遗传多样性变异分析可为合理利用苜蓿种质资源和推广应用提供理论参考价值。

关键词: 苜蓿品种, 指纹图谱, 遗传多样性, SRAP标记