Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.01.010

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 80-87.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.01.010

Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure

JIA Zhi-feng^1,2, MA Xiang², JU Ze-liang², LIU Kai-qiang², ZHAO Gui-qin¹

1. College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2020-08-30 Revised:2020-10-20 Published:2021-01-08

氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响

贾志锋^1,2, 马祥², 琚泽亮², 刘凯强², 赵桂琴¹

1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院, 甘肃兰州 730070;
2. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016

通讯作者: 赵桂琴
作者简介:贾志锋(1978-),男,甘肃金昌人,副研究员,博士研究生,主要从事牧草栽培育种研究,E-mail:jzhfeng@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项（2020-ZJ-Y03），国家燕麦荞麦产业体系（CARS-07）资助

Abstract

Abstract: To explore effects of different nitrogen application rates and sowing rates on the oat leaf senescence characteristics and cell structure,in this study ‘Qingyan No. 1’ was selected as material,a random block design was adopted with three different sowing rates:60 (D1),180 (D2),and 300(D3) kg·hm^-2. For each sowing rate,three different nitrogen application rates were designated as 0 (N0),90 (N1) and 180(N2) kg·hm^-2,the differences in leaf senescence characteristics and cell structure under the interaction of different nitrogen application rates and sowing rates were studied. The results showed that increasing the plant density would increase the content of reactive oxygen species (O₂^-) and malondialdehyde (MDA),and accelerate the senescence of oat leaves,however,increased application of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately alleviated this phenomenon. After applying nitrogen fertilizer,the antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD,POD and CAT) and soluble protein (SP) content of leaves under low planting density increased. Nitrogen fertilizer had a greater impact on the upper and lower epidermis,and the increase in nitrogen application under high-density planting made the leaf thickness thinner. Low nitrogen dense planting is beneficial to reduce the spacing of adjacent vascular bundles and increase the number of vascular bundles per unit area. Under low planting density,each nitrogen level maintains a relatively high number of chloroplasts. Therefore,low-density planting and proper fertilization are beneficial to increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency and delay senescence.

Key words: Oat, Nitrogen fertilizer, Plant density, Leaf senescence, Cell structure

摘要： 为探究不同施氮量和播种量对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响，本研究以'青燕1号’燕麦为材料，采用随机区组设计，设置60，180和300 kg·hm^-23个播种量，每个播种量设0，90和180 kg·hm^-23个施氮量，研究不同氮肥和种植密度互作下叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的差异。结果表明：增加种植密度会引起超氧阴离子（Superoxide anion，O₂^-）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）含量升高，加速燕麦叶片的衰老，增施氮肥可以适当缓解这一现象。施氮肥后低种植密度下叶片的抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白（Soluble protein，SP）含量提升。氮肥因素对上、下表皮厚度影响更大，高密度种植下施氮量增加会使叶片厚度变薄。低氮密植有利于减小相邻维管束间距，增加单位面积的维管束数量。低种植密度下各施氮水平均保持较高的叶绿体数量。因此，低密度种植和适量施肥有利于增加叶片的光合效率、延缓衰老。

关键词: 燕麦, 氮肥, 密度, 叶片衰老, 细胞结构

CLC Number:

S512.6

JIA Zhi-feng, MA Xiang, JU Ze-liang, LIU Kai-qiang, ZHAO Gui-qin. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(1): 80-87.

贾志锋, 马祥, 琚泽亮, 刘凯强, 赵桂琴. 氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(1): 80-87.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.01.010

https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/Y2021/V29/I1/80

References

[1] Freschet G T,Cornelissen J H C,Van Logtestijn R S P,et al. Evidence of the ‘plant economics spectrum’ in asubarctic flora[J]. Journal of Ecology,2010,98(2):362-373
[2] Lourens P,Frans B. Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest species[J]. Ecology,2006,87(7):1733-1743
[3] Navabpour S,Morris K,Allen R,et al. Expression of senescence enhanced genes in response to oxidative stress[J]. Journal of experimental botany,2003,54(391):2285-2292
[4] 庞立东,李卫军,朱进忠. 追施氮肥对苏丹草农艺性状、种子产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 草地学报,2016,24(3):682-688
[5] 梁秋霞,曹刚强,苏明杰,等. 植物叶片衰老研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报,2006,22(8):282-282
[6] 刘连涛,李存东,孙红春,等. 棉花叶片衰老生理研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报,2006,22(7):316-321
[7] 张玉珊. MPK促进ORE3C端入核上调ORE9的表达介导MeJA诱导叶片衰老的分子调控机制研究[D]. 广州:华南师范大学,2015:1-10
[8] Lohman K N,Gan S S,John M C,et al. Molecular analysis of natural leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Physiologia Plantarum,1994,92(2):322-328
[9] Xia N,Zhang G,Liu X Y,et al. Characterization of a novel wheat NAC transcription factor gene involved in defense response against stripe rust pathogen infection and abiotic stresses[J]. Molecular Biology Reports,2010,37(8):3703-3712
[10] 杨小飞,郭房庆. 高温逆境下植物叶片衰老机理研究进展[J]. 植物生理学报,2014,50(9):1285-1292
[11] Lee I C,Hong S W,Whang S S,et al. Age-dependent action of an ABA-inducible receptor kinase,RPK1,as a positive regulator of senescence in Arabidopsis leaves[J]. Plant and Cell physiology,2011,52(4):651-662
[12] Zhang H S,Zhou C J. Signal transduction in leaf senescence[J]. Plant Molecular Biology,2013,82(6):539-545
[13] 刘菊红. 水稻CONSTANS-like基因Ghd2调控抗旱性和衰老的功能研究[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学,2016:2-14
[14] Lim P O,Kim H J,Nam H G. Leaf senescence[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2007,58:115-136
[15] 刘凯强,刘文辉,贾志锋,等. 不同播量、行距及播种方式对青燕1号燕麦饲草产量的影响[J]. 草地学报,2019,27(4):1060-1067
[16] 汪顺义,刘庆,史衍玺,等. 氮钾配施对甘薯光合产物积累及分配的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2017,50(14):2706-2716
[17] 王淳. 双季稻连作体系氮素循环特征[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2012:1-17
[18] 刘志鹏,陈曦,杨梦雅,等. 氮量及减灌对冬小麦旗叶生理参数和细胞保护酶活性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):175-182
[19] 卜冬宁,李瑞奇,张晓,等. 氮肥基追比和追氮时期对超高产冬小麦生育及产量形成的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报,2012,35(4):6-12
[20] 高聚林,刘克礼,刘瑞香,等. 不同栽培条件对春小麦叶面积指数的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2003,23(3):85-89
[21] 李明. 不同种植密度下油菜产量形成、叶片衰老及根系形态研究[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学,2015:1-12
[22] 崔雄雄,侯扶江,常生华,等. 高寒牧区两个燕麦品种的产量与品质比较[J]. 草业科学,2018,35(6):1489-1495
[23] 刘凯强,刘文辉,魏小星,等. 不同播量和行距对‘青燕1号’燕麦种子产量的影响[J]. 草业学报,2020,29(2):82-91
[24] 王晓宇,张艳娥,张林生. 4种非生物胁迫下小麦幼苗表型及可溶性蛋白含量的变化[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2018,36(2):113-117
[25] 裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等. 土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2013(5):55-65
[26] Roland F Beers,Irwin W Sizer. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1952,195(1):133-140
[27] 王学奎. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006:258-261
[28] Pommel B,Gallais A,Coque M,et al. Carbon and nitrogen allocation and grain filling in three maize hybrids differing in leaf senescence[J]. European Journal of Agronomy,2006,24(3):203-211
[29] Bertin P,Gallais A. Genetic variation for nitrogen use efficiency in a set of recombinant maize inbred lines. I. Agrophysiological results[J]. Maydica,2000,45(1):53-66
[30] Borrás L,Maddonni G A,Otegui M E. Leaf senescence in maize hybrids:plant population,row spacing and kernel set effects[J]. Field Crops Research,2003,82(1):13-26
[31] Wittenbach V A. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and proteolytic activity in wheat leaves from anthesis through senescence[J]. Plant Physiology,1979,64(5):884-887
[32] Friedrich J W,Huffaker R C. Photosynthesis,leaf resistances,and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase degradation in senescing barley leaves[J]. Plant Physiology,1980,65(6):1103-1107
[33] Morita K. Release of nitrogen from chloroplasts during leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Annals of Botany,1980,46(3):297-302
[34] 崔博. 氮肥和密度对小麦产量和氮素利用的影响及其调控[D]. 南京:南京农业大学,2014:1-3
[35] 王贺正,张均,吴金芝,等. 不同氮素水平对小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 草业学报,2013,22(4):69-75
[36] 田丽波,商桑,杨衍,等. 苦瓜叶片结构与白粉病抗性的关系[J]. 西北植物学报,2013,33(10):2010-2015
[37] 吴际友. 干旱胁迫对植物叶片解剖结构影响研究进展[J]. 农业科学与技术,2015,42(3):101-104
[38] Goulet F,Bellefleur P. Leaf morphology plasticity in response to light environment in deciduous tree species and its implication on forest succession[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1986,16(6):1192-1195
[39] 胡昕. 干旱和遮荫对2种百合生长及生理特性的影响[D]. 长春:吉林农业大学,2012:1-5
[40] 刘兴菊,马源,马晖玲,等. 2,3-丁二醇诱导下匍匐翦股颖叶片细胞结构变化及抗病相关性分析[J]. 草业学报,2017,26(12):170-178
[41] Ford D M,Shibles R. Photosynthesis and other traits in relation to chloroplast number during soybean leaf senescence[J]. Plant physiology,1988,86(1):108-111
[42] Inada N,Sakai A,Kuroiwa K T. Three-dimensional analysis of the senescence program in rice (Oryza sativa L.) coleoptiles[J]. Planta,1998,205(2):153-164

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on Oat Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Cell Structure

氮肥和种植密度对燕麦叶片衰老特性及细胞结构的影响

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	SONG Ci, HUANG Xiao-tao, SHI Guo-xi, ZHOU Hua-kun, WANG Fang-ping, YAO Bu-qing. Effects of Sowing Dates on the Growth and Forage Quality of Oat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(S1): 121-127.
[2]	WU Hai-yan, QU Zhen, LIU Zhao-ming, LABA Dun-zhu, TONGSANG Cuo-mu, QU Ni, NIMA zhuo-ga, MA Yu-shou. Comparative study on Production Performance of Oat Varieties Based on Principal Component Analysis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(9): 1967-1973.
[3]	TONG Yong-shang, YU Xiao-jun, XU Chang-lin, WANG Peng-bin, SONG Jian-chao, LI Zhen, LI Ying. Effects of Sowing Date on Forage Yield and Quality of Seven Oat Varieties in Tianzhu Alpine Region [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 1094-1106.
[4]	LIANG Guo-ling, LIU Wen-hui, MA Xiang. Phenotypic Diversity of the Panicle Among 590 Covered Oats Germplasm Resources in Apline of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(3): 495-503.
[5]	HOU Wen-hui, ZHANG Yu-xia, WANG Hong-jing, ZHANG Qing-xin, HOU Mei-ling, CONG Bai-ming, DU Xiao-yan. Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Leymus chinensis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(3): 531-536.
[6]	LIU Bei, SONG Yu-mei, SUN-ming, MAO Pei-sheng. Physiological Responses of Mitochondrial AsA-GSH Cycle to Imbibition of Deteriated Oat Seeds [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(2): 211-219.
[7]	JIA Zhi-feng, MA Xiang, JU Ze-liang, LIU Kai-qiang, ZHAO Gui-qin. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Sowing Rate on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Phytohormone Content and Grain Yield of Oat [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(2): 293-302.
[8]	LI Wen, WEI Ting-hu, Abaodi, Yongcuobazhan, Cairentaci, ZHOU Yu-hai, LI Wen-hao, GUO Wei-xing, ZHANG Yan-ping. Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Oat Nutrient Quality and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Cold Region [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(12): 2878-2886.
[9]	ZHOU Ling-fang, SHANG Xiao-yao, ZHANG Tie-jun, CHAO Yue-hui. Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Senescence in Medicago truncatula [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2158-2168.
[10]	WANG Xue, LIU Xiao-jing, ZHAO Ya-jiao, WANG Jing. Effects of Alfalfa/Oat Intercropping on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Matter Accumulation of Oat [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2258-2264.
[11]	ZHOU Lei, WANG Lu, ZHAO Bao-ping, MI Jun-zhen, WANG Feng-wu, LIU Jing-hui, ZHANG Dan, LIU Ye-kun. Effect of Different Sowing Date and Cutting Time on Yield and Quality of Forage Oat in Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2355-2363.
[12]	FU Dong-qing, WANG Yan-chao, SONG Lei, WANG Xu-zhe, ZHANG Fan-fan, MA Chun-hui. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Production Performance of Early Maturing Forage Oat in Shihezi,Xinjiang [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2364-2371.
[13]	WANG Rui-feng, YAN Wei, SHI Feng-ling. Effects of Rhizobium,Nitrogen Application Rate and Frequency on Alfalfa Growth and Fiber Content [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2372-2380.
[14]	SUN Hao-yang, ZHAO Gui-qin, ZHANG Jian-gui, LI Xin, YANG Yan-shan, CHAI Ji-kuan, ZENG Liang, JIAO Run-an, JIN Xiao-wen, LI Rong, GONG Wen-long. Incidence of Oat Powdery Mildew and Pathogen Identification in the Main Oat Production Areas of Gansu Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(6): 1535-1543.
[15]	LIU Kai-qiang, LIU Wen-hui, JIA Zhi-feng, MA Xiang, LIANG Guo-ling. Effects of Water Stress on Organ Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Avena sativa ‘Qingyan No. 1’ [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(6): 1552-1562.