Abstract: In order to promote the balance supply of orchard soil nutrients, reduce the occurrence of physiological diseases, and improve fruit quality, the effects of natural grass on mineral nutrition of soil and tree and physiological diseases of apple orchard in Weibei dry plateau were monitored and analyzed using clean oechard as control in this experiment. The results showed that the natural grass increased the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, water-soluble calcium, available zinc, available iron and available boron in 0~40 cm soil layer, decreased the contents of available nitrogen in 0~240 cm soil layer and available manganese in 0~60 cm soil layer, increased the contents of phosphorus, calcium, zinc and boron in leaf and fruit, and decreased the contents of nitrogen and manganese in leaf and fruit. The longer the years of natural grass growing, the more significant effects, but it had no significant effects on total phosphorus and total potassium in soil and potassium and iron contents of leaf and fruit. Natural grass reduced physiological diseases caused by calcium and zinc deficiency and excessive manganese, but had no significant effect on diseases caused by iron and boron deficiency.Natural grass increased the fruit color area, fruit firmness and soluble solids content.

Key words: Natural grass, Apple, Soil, Mineral nutrition, Physiological diseases, Fruit quality

摘要： 为了促进果园土壤养分均衡供给，减少生理病害发生，提高果实品质，本试验以果园清耕为对照，监测分析渭北旱塬自然生草对苹果园土壤和树体矿质营养及生理病害的影响。结果表明：自然生草可提高0~40 cm土层土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾、水溶性钙、有效锌、有效铁和有效硼含量，降低0~240 cm土层土壤速效氮和0~60 cm土层土壤有效锰含量，提高叶片和果实中磷、钙、锌、硼含量，降低叶片和果实中氮和锰含量，且生草年限越长效果越显著，但对土壤全磷与全钾、叶片和果实钾及铁无显著影响；自然生草降低因缺钙、缺锌和多锰引起的生理病害，但对缺铁和缺硼引起的则无显著影响；自然生草提高了果实着色面积、果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量；渭北旱塬果园自然生草，可有效改善果园土壤及树体的营养平衡，减少生理病害的发生，提高果实品质。渭北旱塬应积极推广果园自然生草。

关键词: 自然生草, 苹果, 土壤, 矿质营养, 生理病害, 果实品质