Abstract: A typical lead-zinc mine waste slag field in northwestern Guizhou was taken as the research area,and the ecological niche and interspecific relationship of 16 dominant herbaceous plant species in the slag heap and the surrounding area were compared,to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration. The results showed that:Gramineae species,such as Eragrostis ferruginea,Setaria viridis,Panicum psilopodium,Sporobolus fertilis, and Eleusine indica,and Compositae species,such as Artemisia argyi,have relatively high importance values and niche widths,are relatively widely distributed,and have strong adaptations;The abovementioned gramineae species have the same ecological niche and strong adaptability to the heavy metal environment and therefore have a high degree of niche overlap;The common species of dominant herbs in the slag heap and the surrounding area showed a significant positive association,but the negative association between species pairs was mainly,indicating that the plant community in the slag field evolved. There is a progress of succession overall,but the process is slow and is still in the primary stage of succession. In conclusion,the common species of dominant herbs in the slag heap and the surrounding areas are quite different in terms of the ecological niche and interspecific relationship. The slag heap is enriched with high levels of heavy metals,which seriously affect and restrict the construction of regional plant communities and species composition. In the process of ecological management,we should consider the use of gramineae plants (specifically Eragrostis ferruginea,Setaria viridis,P. psilopodium) as pioneer plant species to adjust the interspecific relationship,thereby accelerating vegetation restoration.

Key words: Lead-zinc ore, Niche breadth, Niche overlap, Interspecific association

摘要： 本研究以黔西北铅锌矿废渣场为研究区，对矿渣堆及周边区域16种优势草本植物共有种生态位与种间联结性进行对比分析，以期为矿区生态恢复提供科学依据。结果表明：知风草(Eragrostis ferruginea)、狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、细柄黍(Panicum psilopodium)、鼠尾粟(Sporobolus fertilis)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)等禾本科和艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)等菊科植物有较高的重要值和生态位宽度，分布相对广泛；禾本科植物如知风草、狗尾草、细柄黍、鼠尾粟和牛筋草等，因生态位相似且对重金属适应能力强，故生态位重叠度较高；矿渣堆和周边区域优势草本植物共有种总体均呈显著正联结，但种对间却以负联结为主，表明该矿渣场植物群落演替总体呈现进展演替，但演替进程缓慢，仍处于演替初期阶段。综上，矿渣堆因富集重金属而影响着区域植物群落构建；生态治理中，应将禾本科知风草、狗尾草、细柄黍等植物作为先锋植物，促进植被恢复。

关键词: 铅锌矿, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠, 种间联结性