Abstract: Potassium is an important essential nutrient element that affects crop yield,quality and stress resistance. In this study,the oat varieties of 'Qinghai 444’ and 'Jiayan 2’ were used as experimental materials,and the effects of different potassium application levels 0(CK),45(K45),90(K90),135(K135) and 180(K180) kg·hm^-2 (K₂O) on the growth and potassium accumulation and distribution in oat (Avena sativa L.) plants were examined by soil culture experiment in greenhouse. The results showed that the highest above-ground biomass at the anthesis and milk maturity stage of 'Qinghai 444’ occurred under K135,being 26.9 g·pot^-1 and 31.5 g·pot^-1,with increase of 17.8% and 19.2% over the CK respectively. The significant highest above-ground biomass (28.6 g·pot^-1) of 'Jiayan 2’ was found under the K90 application at its anthesis stage,with 13.9% higher than that under the CK. The potassium content in the whole plants of the two varieties ranged from 1.82% to 3.57%. The regression analysis showed that when the potassium application rate was 85.2 kg·hm^-2 and 88.6 kg·hm^-2,the potassium accumulation in the whole plant of 'Qinghai 444’ and 'Jiayan 2’ reached the maximum at the milky stage and the flowering stage,respectively,0.639 g·pot^-1 and 0.989 g·pot^-1,along with the highest of potassium content and accumulation in their stems. It is preliminarily recommended that the appropriate potassium application rates for 'Qinghai 444’ and 'Jiayan 2’ shall be 135 kg·hm^-2 and 90 kg·hm^-2,respectively. This study can provide a management guide to the potash fertilizers for forage oat production.

Key words: Potassium addition, Oat, Yield, Potassium content

摘要： 钾是影响作物产量、品质以及抗逆性的重要必需营养元素。本研究以'青海444’和'加燕2号’为试验材料，采用温室土培试验，研究了不同供钾水平0(CK)，45(K45)，90(K90)，135(K135)和180(K180) kg·hm^-2 (以K₂O计)对燕麦(Avena sativa L.)生长及体内钾素累积与分配的影响机制。结果表明，'青海444’开花期、乳熟期地上生物量在K135处理下达到最高，分别为26.9 g·盆^-1和31.5 g·盆^-1，分别较对照提高17.8%和19.2%。'加燕2号’花期地上生物量最高值出现在K90处理下，为28.6 g·盆^-1，较对照提高13.9%。2个品种全株钾含量范围为1.82%~3.57%，回归分析结果显示，当施钾量为85.2 kg·hm^-2和88.6 kg·hm^-2时，'青海444’乳熟期和'加燕2号’花期全株钾积累量达到最大，分别为0.639 g·盆^-1和0.989 g·盆^-1，茎秆钾含量和钾积累量最高。初步推荐'青海444’和'加燕2号’的适宜施钾量分别为135 kg·hm^-2和90 kg·hm^-2。本研究可为饲用燕麦的钾肥管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 钾添加, 燕麦, 产量, 钾含量