Abstract: Bryophytes is the main pioneer plants at the early stages of the succession, and the bryophyte crust plays an important role in retaining soil and water and improving soil nutrient cycling. In order to deeply explore the ecological function of bryophyte crusts in coal mine reclamation areas in arid and semi-arid regions, the developmentally stable moss plant taxa of the Ordos open-pit coal mine were studied in this paper. To investigate their soil water content, nutrient content, soil erodibility （K factor） and other crust indicators, Linear correlation analysis and principal component analysis were performed to explore the ecological functions of moss crusts in the coal mine area. The results showed that there were 8 species of bryophytes in 3 families and 6 genera in the study area； K factor was significantly negatively correlated with moss crust cover； soil nutrients were positively correlated with moss crust cover in different slope directions except organic matter； the principal component analysis of the ecological function of moss crust in different slope directions found that the ecological function of moss crust was affected by the combination of environmental factors, and soil total carbon and total nitrogen had the highest contribution. This study revealed the effects of bryophyte crusts on soil nutrient and moisture status in reclaimed areas of surface coal mines, and provided a scientific basis for vegetation management and soil improvement.

Key words: Bryophyte crust, Coal mining area, Ecological function, Soil nutrient accumulation

摘要： 苔藓作为演替初期的主要先锋植物,其形成的苔藓结皮在保持水土和改善土壤养分循环等方面扮演着重要的角色。为深入探讨干旱、半干旱地区煤矿复垦区藓结皮的生态功能,本文以鄂尔多斯某大型露天煤矿发育稳定的藓结皮为研究对象,通过调查其土壤含水量、养分含量、土壤可蚀性K因子等指标,并进行线性相关分析和主成分分析以探索煤矿区藓结皮的生态功能。结果表明：研究区域苔藓植物共3科6属8种,优势物种为真藓属和对齿藓属；土壤可蚀性K因子与藓结皮盖度呈显著负相关；除有机质外,不同坡向土壤养分均与藓结皮盖度呈正相关；通过对不同坡向藓结皮生态功能的主成分分析,发现藓结皮生态功能受环境因子的综合影响,其中土壤全碳、全氮贡献率最高。本研究揭示了露天煤矿复垦区苔藓结皮对土壤养分和水分状况的影响,为植被管理和土壤改良提供了科学依据。

关键词: 藓结皮, 露天煤矿, 生态功能, 土壤养分积累