Abstract: Mixed cropping and application of organic fertilizers can affect yield and quality of maize. However, there are few studies on the effects of organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of mixed cropping system with different maize varieties. In this study, we set up monoculture and mixed cropping treatments of different varieties of maize and organic fertilizer treatment to explore the effects of organic fertilizer addition on yield and quality of multi-variety mixed cropping of maize. The results showed that compared with monoculture, mixed cropping significantly increased the yield of maize, and the application of organic fertilizer significantly increased maize yield in both monoculture and mixed cropping, and the protein content of mixed cropping was significantly higher than that of monoculture （P<0.05）. The net effect and complementary effect of multi-variety mixed cropping system were positive, and the application of organic fertilizer did not significantly change the complementary effect. Therefore, for mixed cropping system, the positive net effect was mainly from the complementary effect. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil available phosphorus content and the soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N （P<0.01） under monoculture and mixed cropping, and the contents of soil NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N in mixed cropping were significantly higher than those under monoculture. In conclusion, multi-variety mixed cropping significantly improved the yield and quality of maize. The application of organic fertilizer improved the physical and chemical properties of soil by increasing the content of available phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil, and further improved the yield and quality of mixed cropping maize. This study provides a theoretical basis for a high-yield and high-quality cultivation scheme of silage maize.

Key words: Maize, Mixed cropping, Organic fertilizer, Yield, Quality

摘要： 不同基因型玉米混作和施肥均会影响其产量和品质,而有机肥对玉米混作体系产量和品质的研究较少。本研究设置了不同基因型玉米的单作和混作处理,探究有机肥对混作体系产量和品质的影响。结果显示,与单作相比,混作显著提高了玉米产量,且施加有机肥在单作和混作中均具有显著的增产效应,并使混作玉米的蛋白质含量高于单作（P<0.05）。多基因型混作的净效应和互补效应均为正,有机肥的施用未显著改变互补效应,表明高产效应主要来自基因型的互补作用。有机肥显著提高了单作和混作下的土壤速效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮含量（P<0.01）,其中混作土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮含量显著高于单作。综上所述,基因型混作显著提升了玉米产量和品质,而有机肥通过改善土壤理化性质进一步增强了混作玉米的产量和品质。这项研究为青贮玉米的高产栽培管理提供了理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 混作, 有机肥, 产量, 品质