Abstract: In this study we explored the effects of fertilizer types on the productivity, nutritional quality, and economic benefits of mixed cropping of triticale （Triticosecale） with forage pea （Pisum sativa） and common vetch （Vicia sativa）. A split-plot design with three replicates were used in the experiments. The main plots were the fertilizer types, including four levels, i.e. no fertilizer application, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and bacterial fertilizer. The subplot was the mixed combinations, which included three levels, i.e. 50% of triticale mixed with 50% of forage pea variety ‘Canadian’ （M₁）, 50% of triticale mixed with 50% of common vetch variety ‘Ximu333’ （M₂）, 50% of triticale mixed with 50% of common vetch variety ‘Lvjian No.1’ （M₃）. The results showed that compared to chemical fertilizers, the application of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers decreased hay yield by 7.62% and 16.40%, respectively. However, the crude protein content increased by 0.68% and 1.29%, and the relative feed value improved by 7.46% and 5.38%, respectively. In terms of the mixed combinations, the mixture 50% of triticale and 50% of common vetch variety ‘Ximu333’ showed better results with higher net income, making it suitable for promotion and cultivation in the alpine pastoral areas of Gannan. Overall, compared to chemical fertilizers, the sole application of organic fertilizers or microbial fertilizers significantly reduced the net income of the mixed cropping system. When the nitrogen rates were similar, using organic fertilizers increased the fertilization cost by 6171 CNY·hm^-2. Therefore, in forage production in Gannan Prefecture, organic fertilizers or microbial fertilizers should not replace chemical fertilizers completely. Instead, a strategy of partial substitution should be considered to ensure high yield of crops and increase the income of farmers and herders.

Key words: Alpine pastoral area, Fertilizer type, Productive performance, Nutritional quality

摘要： 为探究施肥种类对小黑麦（Triticosecale）与饲用豌豆（Pisum sativa）和箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa）混播草地生产性能,营养品质和经济效益的影响。本试验采用裂区设计,主区为施肥种类（不施肥、化学肥料、有机肥和菌肥）,副区为混播组合（M₁：50%小黑麦×50%‘加拿大’饲用豌豆,M₂：50%小黑麦×50%‘西牧333’箭筈豌豆,M₃：50%小黑麦×50%‘绿箭1号’箭筈豌豆）。结果表明：从施肥种类来看,与化肥相比,有机肥和菌肥使混播草地的干草产量分别下降了7.62%和16.40%,但粗蛋白含量分别提高了0.68%和1.29%,相对饲喂价值分别提高了7.46%和5.38%。从混播组合来看,50%小黑麦和50%‘西牧333’箭筈豌豆的混播效果较好,纯收益高,适合在甘南高寒牧区推广种植。总体来看,与化肥相比,单独施用有机肥或菌肥使混播草地的纯收益显著降低。在氮用量相近时,施用有机肥使施肥成本增加6171 CNY·hm^-2。因此,甘南州在饲草生产中不宜采用有机肥或菌肥完全替代化肥的方案,应考虑部分替代化肥的策略,以保障作物高产,增加农牧民收入。

关键词: 高寒牧区, 施肥种类, 生产性能, 营养品质