Abstract: China is rich in grassland resources， but the pressure of grazing is increasing rapidly， and the conflicts between grassland ecological protection and the development of grassland animal husbandry have come to the forefront. How to restore the grassland ecology while maintaining the livelihood of herders is becoming a hot topic， and related policies are also emerging. Taking the policy of herdsmen settlement as a starting point， this study collected data from herding households in three pastoral provinces， Inner Mongolia， Xinjiang and Xizang， through field research and combined them with relevant macro-statistical data to explore its impacts on the pastoral livelihood， production facility and grassland ecology in pastoral areas. Findings of the study showed that the policy of herdsmen settlement had a significant positive effect on the pastoral livelihood by improving the living conditions and human environment； it also had a significant positive effect on the production facility by increasing the production facilities of the herdsmen. There was not a significant effect on the improvement of grassland quality in general， but the analysis after gradually expanding the spatial measurement of grassland quality found that with the increase in the distance of grassland from the herdsmen settlement centers， the grassland quality showed a slowly increasing trend firstly and then decrease. In the end， this study put forward policy recommendations for sound herdsmen settlement policies and the realization of their socio-economic and ecological effects.

Key words: Herdsmen settlement, Pastoral livelihood, Production facility, Grassland ecology

摘要： 中国草地资源十分丰富，但面临的放牧压力与日俱增，草原生态保护与草原畜牧业发展之间的矛盾凸显。如何在维持牧民安居乐业的同时恢复草原生态成为热点话题，相关政策也应运而生。本文以牧户定居政策为落脚点，通过实地调研收集内蒙古、新疆和西藏三个牧区省份的牧户数据，并结合相关宏观统计数据，探索其对牧区生活水平、生产力及草原生态的影响。研究发现，牧户定居政策通过改善居住条件和人居环境对牧区生活水平具有显著的提升作用；通过增加牧户生产设施对牧区生产力也具有显著的正向作用。牧户定居政策对草地质量的提升在整体上尚未有显著的影响，但将草地质量的空间衡量范围逐步扩大后的分析发现，随着草地距离牧户定居中心的公里数增加，草地质量呈现出先缓慢上升后下降的趋势。最后，本文提出健全牧区定居政策、发挥其社会经济生态效应的政策建议。

关键词: 牧户定居, 生活水平, 生产设施, 草原生态