Abstract: Solar parks or farms （SP） are rapidly expanding globally， yet their comprehensive ecological impacts remain insufficiently quantified across diverse environmental contexts. Here， we conducted a meta-analysis of 50 global studies published between 2000 and 2025 to systematically evaluate the effects of SP installations on microclimate， vegetation， and soil characteristics. The analysis encompassed 15 ecological indicators across different climate zones， ecosystem types， aridity gradients， and geographic regions. Overall， SP installations significantly reduced regional air temperature （-5.2%） and photosynthetically active radiation （-63.3%）， while increasing air humidity by 7.1%. Vegetation responses were mixed： Shannon diversity declined by 6.38%， whereas species richness， vegetation cover， and aboveground biomass increased by 7.52%， 35.7%， and 28.4%， respectively. In soils， SP installations led to substantial increases in moisture content （49.0%）， available nitrogen （66.07%）， and available phosphorus （113.09%）， along with a significant reduction in soil temperature （-17.3%）. However， changes in soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and pH were not statistically significant. Ecological responses varied considerably across environmental gradients. Arid and semi-arid regions， as well as grassland and desert ecosystems， exhibited greater sensitivity to SP-induced changes compared to more humid regions or other ecosystem types. Random forest modeling identified ecosystem type as the dominant factor influencing the ecological effects of SP. This study highlights the regulatory role of SP on ecological environments at the global scale and provides scientific evidence for the coordinated development of SP sites and ecological conservation.

Key words: Solar park, Meta-analysis, Microclimate, Plant, Soil

摘要： 为评估光伏电站对生态系统的综合影响，本研究基于2000—2025年间全球50篇研究，采用Meta分析方法，量化了不同气候类型、生态系统类型、干旱程度及地理区域下，光伏电站对15项小气候、植被和土壤指标的影响。结果表明，光伏电站显著降低气温（-5.2%）和光合有效辐射（-63.3%），增加空气湿度（7.1%）。植被多样性降低6.38%，而物种丰富度、盖度和地上生物量分别增加7.52%，35.7%和28.4%。土壤含水量、速效氮和速效磷含量显著增加49.0%，66.07%和113.09%，土壤温度显著降低17.3%，土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和pH差异不显著。不同生态背景对光伏电站的响应存在差异，干旱及半干旱地区、草地和荒漠生态系统对生态指标变化更为敏感。随机森林模型显示，生态系统类型是影响光伏电站生态效应的主导因子。研究揭示了全球尺度光伏电站对生态环境的调节作用，为光伏选址优化与生态保护协同发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 光伏电站, Meta分析, 小气候, 植被, 土壤