Study on the Yield-Related Traits and Influencing Factors of Hay and Seed Yield in Different Oat （Avena sativa L.） Varieties

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.015

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 531-542.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.015

Study on the Yield-Related Traits and Influencing Factors of Hay and Seed Yield in Different Oat （Avena sativa L.） Varieties

WEI Kong-tao^1,2,3, CAO Quan^1,2,3, ZHANG Zheng-she⁴, ZHANG Chun-ping^1,2,3, YU Yang^1,2,3, ZHOU Ze^1,2,3, ZHANG Xue^1,2,3, WANG Xin-xin^1,2,3, YUE Si-yu^1,2,3, DONG Quan-min^1,2,3

1. Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University/Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
3. Key Laboratory of the Alpine Grassland Ecology in the Three Rivers Region, Ministry of Education Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
4. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-06-16 Published:2026-01-22

不同燕麦品种的干草产量和种子产量相关特性及影响因素研究

魏孔涛^1,2,3, 曹铨^1,2,3, 张正社⁴, 张春平^1,2,3, 俞旸^1,2,3, 周泽^1,2,3, 张雪^1,2,3, 王鑫鑫^1,2,3, 岳思玉^1,2,3, 董全民^1,2,3

1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海西宁 810016;
2. 青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
3. 青海大学三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
4. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016

通讯作者: 董全民，E-mail:qmdong@qhu.edu.cn
作者简介:#魏孔涛（1995-），男，汉族，甘肃兰州人，博士研究生，主要从事草地生态与草畜平衡，E-mail:weikt123@163.com；#曹铨（1989-），男，汉族，甘肃张掖人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事栽培草地管理与利用研究，E-mail:caoq1989@126.com；
基金资助:
青海省科技特派员专项项目（2025-NK-P23）资助

Abstract

Abstract: To select suitable high-quality oat varieties for cultivation in the Qinghai Lake area， ten introduced oat （Avena sativa L.） varieties were evaluated for yield and related traits， and the structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the key factors that affecting yield. The results showed that ‘Model’ and ‘Esker’ had relatively short growth periods （132 and 125 days， respectively）. ‘Monida’ exhibited superior plant height （61.93 cm） and hay yield （12 672.60 kg·hm^-2）. ‘Baler 2’ and ‘Haymaker’ performed better in leaf area and leaf perimeter. ‘Everleaf’ had the highest leaf area index （5.29） and， together with ‘Forage’， produced more spikelet whorls （6.22）. ‘Model’ had the highest thousand-grain weight （42.68 g）. And ‘Haymaker’ achieved the highest seed yield （9963.06 kg·hm^-2）. Random forest analysis indicated that the leaf area and grain weight per spike had significant effects on seed yield， while structural equation modeling revealed that yield was jointly regulated by both the direct effects of variety and the indirect effects mediated through the leaf area index. Overall evaluation suggested that ‘Haymaker’ had remarkable advantages and could be recommended as the dominant oat variety for the Qinghai Lake area.

Key words: Qinghai Lake area, Oat varieties, Hay yield, Seed yield

摘要： 为筛选适宜环湖地区推广的优良燕麦品种。以引进的10个燕麦品种为研究对象，评估其产量及相关性状，采用结构方程模型分析影响产量的主要因素。结果表明：‘楷模’和‘艾斯克’生育期较短（132天和125天）；‘美达’株高（61.93 cm）和干草产量（12 672.60 kg·hm^-2）表现突出；‘贝勒2’和‘黑玫克’在叶面积和叶周长等指标较优；‘爱沃’叶面积指数最高（5.29），且与‘福瑞至’均具较多穗轮层（6.22层）；‘楷模’千粒重最大（42.68 g）；‘黑玫克’种子产量最高（9963.06 kg·hm^-2）。随机森林表明，叶面积和单株穗粒重对种子产量有显著作用；结构方程模型显示，品种通过直接效应和叶面积指数的间接效应共同调控产量。综合评价，‘黑玫克’整体优势明显，可作为环湖地区的主栽燕麦品种。

关键词: 环青海湖, 燕麦品种, 干草产量, 种子产量

WEI Kong-tao, CAO Quan, ZHANG Zheng-she, ZHANG Chun-ping, YU Yang, ZHOU Ze, ZHANG Xue, WANG Xin-xin, YUE Si-yu, DONG Quan-min. Study on the Yield-Related Traits and Influencing Factors of Hay and Seed Yield in Different Oat （Avena sativa L.） Varieties[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(2): 531-542.

魏孔涛, 曹铨, 张正社, 张春平, 俞旸, 周泽, 张雪, 王鑫鑫, 岳思玉, 董全民. 不同燕麦品种的干草产量和种子产量相关特性及影响因素研究[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(2): 531-542.

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Study on the Yield-Related Traits and Influencing Factors of Hay and Seed Yield in Different Oat （Avena sativa L.） Varieties

不同燕麦品种的干草产量和种子产量相关特性及影响因素研究

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[2]	WU Shi-wen, NAN Li-li, CHEN Xiao-shan, FU Jun-shi, ZHANG Ze-long, GUO Zhao. Effects of Different Alfalfa-Grass Mixed Sowing Methods on Hay Yield and Soil Nutrients [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(3): 975-983.
[3]	LI Qi, LABA Zhuoma, LIU Wen-hui, QI Hui-fang, LI Si-da, LIU Kai-qiang, WU Rui. Study on the Production Performance and Agronomic Traits of Elymus sibiricus [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(11): 3676-3689.
[4]	YU Shuai, FENG Guang-yan, SU Xiao-li, ZHANG Xian-fang, ZUO Su-tian, ZHANG Xin-quan. Multiple Analyses of the Relationship between Agronomic Traits and Yield Formation in 17 Varieties/Lines of Lolium multiflorum [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(9): 2862-2874.
[5]	XIAO Ai-ping, WANG Yu, WANG Bin, WANG Teng-fei, LAN Jian. Effects of Different Fertilizers and Levels on Light Energy Radiation and Seed Yield of Astragalus Adsurgens Population [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(9): 2899-2909.
[6]	XU Ming, JIANG Xue-qian, HE Fei, ZHANG Fan, YANG Tian-hui, LONG Rui-cai, YANG Qing-chuan, CONG Li-li. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of Seed Yield and Size-Related Traits of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(8): 2419-2427.
[7]	BAI Yan-yan, WANG Chu, CHEN Fen, LI Cai-ying, LI Chen-yan, LI Mao-na, SUN Yan. Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount and Frequency on Seed Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Buffalograss [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(8): 2630-2637.
[8]	YANG Jing, SUI Xiao-qing, WANG Xin-yao, SHI Guo-qing, LI Hao-tian, WANG Yu-xiang, JI Er-erge, SUN Ling-ziyin, ZHANG Shu-zhen, CHEN Shu-ming. Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertiliser and Compound Nitrophenol Sodium on the Physiological Characteristics and Seed Yield of Alfalfa [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(5): 1471-1478.
[9]	SHI Guo-qing, SUI Xiao-qing, YANG Jing, JIER Er-ge, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Yong-juan. The Influence of Manganese Fertilizer Application in Combination with γ-Polyglutamic Acid on Seed Production in Bromus inermis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(4): 1276-1284.
[10]	YU Hui, ZHANG Yong-chao, LIU Wen-hui, MA Xing-yun. Relationship Between Inflorescence Branching and Seed Yield of Elymus spp. Germplasm Resources in Alpine Zone [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(3): 804-811.
[11]	DU Li-xia, LIAO Ming-wang, QIN Shi-li, ZHANG Qian, LIU Wei. Effects of nitrogen application rate and row spacing on seed yield and quality of Leymus secalinus [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(3): 968-976.
[12]	HU Wei, LIU Wen-hui, LIU Kai-qiang, WU Yu-han. Evaluation of Soil Quality and Establishment of Bio-indicators Based on Minimal Data Set [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(12): 3855-3867.
[13]	JIER Er-ge, SUI Xiao-qing, SHI Guo-qing, WANG Xin-yao, YANG Jing, SUNLING Zi-yin, LIU Yi-xin, ZHOU Yi-fan, LANG Meng-qing, WU Qiang. Effects of Nitrogen Level and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth Indicator and Seed Yield of Bromus Inermis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(11): 3507-3515.
[14]	WANG Xu-cheng, WANG Xing, WANG Qin, SONG Wen-xue, WANG Tong-Rui, HUANG Shu-di, WANG Zhi-yuan, FU Bing-zhe, GAO Xue-qin. Effects of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Its Components of Agropyron mongolicum [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(9): 2882-2889.
[15]	BAO Gen-sheng, ZHANG Peng, MA Xiang, JIA Zhi-feng, LIU Wen-hui, MA Xing-yun. Effect of Nitrogen Addition on Forage and Seed Yields of Intercropping System of Avena sativa and Pisum sativum in Alpine Regions [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(7): 2210-2219.