Effects of Different Grazing Intensities of Yili Horses on the Carrying Capacity of Zhaosu Mountain Meadow Grassland

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.018

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 2147-2160.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.018

Effects of Different Grazing Intensities of Yili Horses on the Carrying Capacity of Zhaosu Mountain Meadow Grassland

WANG Yu-jie^1,2, DOU Zi-yi^1,2, FANG Ju-mei^1,2, WANG Ling-ling^1,2, ZHENG Wei^1,2

1. College of Prataculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China

Received:2025-07-31 Revised:2025-10-27 Published:2026-06-02

不同伊犁马放牧强度对昭苏山地草甸草原承载力的影响

王钰杰^1,2, 窦梓镱^1,2, 方菊梅^1,2, 王玲玲^1,2, 郑伟^1,2

1. 新疆农业大学草业学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

通讯作者: 郑伟,E-mail:zw065@126.com
作者简介:王钰杰(1998-),男,汉族,新疆塔城人,硕士研究生,主要从事草原学研究,E-mail:1363086075@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务课题（2022B03030-2）；国家重点研发专项（2022xjkk0404）；国家重点研发专项（ALTKJZC2019002）资助

Abstract

Abstract: Grazing is a primary utilization method of grasslands， and determining the appropriate grazing intensity is of crucial for grassland conservation and the sustainable development of animal husbandry. A controlled grazing experiment was conducted during the warm season of 2023 at the 77th Regiment Horse Farm in Zhaosu County， four treatments were set up： no grazing， light grazing （1 horse·hm^-2）， heavy grazing （4 horse·hm^-2）， and extreme grazing （6 horse·hm^-2）， and a randomized block design was adopted. The effects of grazing intensity on pasture carrying capacity were evaluated by monitoring plant community structure， diversity， standing biomass， forage nutritional quality， and by calculating digestible energy （DE） and the grading index 2001 （GI₂₀₀₁）.The results indicated that light grazing maintained relatively a high species diversity， while the no-grazing area exhibited the best forage nutritional quality. The biomass carrying capacity was the highest under heavy grazing [0.73 horse·hm^-2·（122d）^-1]， and the crude protein yield carrying capacity was relatively high under extreme grazing [0.99 horse·hm^-2·（122d）^-1]. However， these conditions were accompanied by the decline of sedges and a surge in forbs， representing an unsustainable short-term phenomenon. The PLS-PM （Partial Least Squares Path Modeling） model showed a direct negative effect of grazing intensity on GI₂₀₀₁ and DE. In conclusion， light grazing （1 horse·hm^-2） is the suitable intensity for the Zhaosu mountain meadow steppe， effectively balancing ecological conservation and the needs for continuous grazing of Yili horses.

Key words: Grazing intensity, Mountain meadow grassland, Forage nutritional quality, Forage digestible energy, Vegetation characteristics

摘要： 放牧是草地主要的利用方式，确定适宜的放牧强度对草地保护与畜牧业可持续发展至关重要。本研究于2023年暖季在昭苏县77团马场开展控制性放牧试验，设置无牧、轻度（1 horse·hm^-2）、重度（4 horse·hm^-2）和极度放牧（6 horse·hm^-2）4个处理，采用随机区组设计，通过监测植物群落结构、多样性、牧草现存量、营养品质，并计算消化能（Digestible energy，DE）与粗饲料分级指数（Grading index 2001， GI₂₀₀₁），评估放牧强度对草场承载力的影响。结果表明：轻度放牧维持了较高的物种多样性，无牧区牧草营养品质最优。产量载畜量在重度放牧最高[0.73 horse·hm^-2·（122d）^-1]，粗蛋白产量载畜量在极度放牧较高[0.99 horse·hm^-2·（122d）^-1]，但均伴随莎草科植物衰退与杂类草激增，属于不可持续的短期现象。PLS-PM（Partial Least Squares Path Modeling）模型显示放牧强度对GI₂₀₀₁和DE有直接负效应。综上，轻度放牧（1 horse·hm^-2）是昭苏山地草甸草原的适宜强度，可兼顾生态保护与伊犁马连续放牧需求。

关键词: 放牧强度, 山地草甸草原, 牧草营养品质, 牧草消化能, 植被特征

CLC Number:

S812

WANG Yu-jie, DOU Zi-yi, FANG Ju-mei, WANG Ling-ling, ZHENG Wei. Effects of Different Grazing Intensities of Yili Horses on the Carrying Capacity of Zhaosu Mountain Meadow Grassland[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(6): 2147-2160.

王钰杰, 窦梓镱, 方菊梅, 王玲玲, 郑伟. 不同伊犁马放牧强度对昭苏山地草甸草原承载力的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(6): 2147-2160.

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Effects of Different Grazing Intensities of Yili Horses on the Carrying Capacity of Zhaosu Mountain Meadow Grassland

不同伊犁马放牧强度对昭苏山地草甸草原承载力的影响

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