Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of three types of anti-transpirants on water consumption and utilization in four herbaceous plants. The optimal concentration was selected for each anti-transpirant after comparing,in order to provide theoretical basis for the vegetation conservation technique at coal mining sites in arid areas. Four kinds of herbaceous (grass) species,Agropyron mongolicum Keng,Astragalus adsurgens Pall., Melilotus albus Medic. ex Desr. and Althaea rosea (Linn.) Cavan,were used as research objects,and 3 different anti-transpirants were used on leaf surface of each grass with 4 concentrations for each:Fulvic Acid (FA,1,2,3,4 g·L^-1),Guan Cun (GC,3,6,9,12 g·L^-1),Kaolin (KL,20,40,60,80 g·L^-1). Water spray was used as the control. The transpiration rate (Tr),net photosynthetic rate (Pn),water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass of leaves in four grasses were determined after three months of anti-transpirants spraying. For FA application,Tr and Pn were the highest in control plants and decreased with the increase of FA concentration within the tested concentration ranges for A. Mongolicum,M. albus and A. adsurgens whereas the WUE of these three grasses was higher at lower FA concentration and lower at higher FA concentration. Similar tendency was found in Tr value of these three plant species after spraying with GC,and a slight difference was observed in Pn values in terms of different GC concentrations with lower Pn value than that of respective controls. The WUE was higher compared to control and increased with the increase in GC rates. For KL,Pn and WUE were lower in leaves of A. Mongolicum and A. rosea than those of control after spraying KL and decreased with concentrate increasing;Tr value was lower after spraying KL compared to the control with no significant differences among the KL treatments. The extent of both restraining Tr and Pn,and promoting WUE of spraying these three anti-transpirants on leaves of the four grass species we studied,was GC and KL better than FA. After comparing the effects of these three anti-transpirants on the four species,we concluded that GC and KL showed better performance than FA. A. Mongolicum and A. adsurgens,spraying GC with the concentration of 12 g·L^-1,and A. rosea and M. albus,spraying KL with the concentration of 20 g·L^-1,could be used for the vegetation conservation techniques at coal mining sites in arid areas.

Key words: Herbaceous plants, Anti-transpirant, Spray concentration, Water use efficiency, Arid desert area

摘要： 为探究3种抗蒸腾剂叶片喷施对4种草本植物水分消耗和利用的影响规律，比较得出不同抗蒸腾剂的最佳使用浓度，为干旱荒漠区采煤迹地植被保育技术提供参考，本试验以蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum Keng）、沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens Pall.）、白花草木樨（Melilotus albus Medic.ex Desr.）、蜀葵（Althaea rosea （Linn.）Cavan.）4种草本植物为研究对象，每种草叶面分别喷施不同类型和浓度的抗蒸腾剂：旱地龙（Fulvic Acid，FA）浓度分别为1，2，3，4 g·L^-1；冠存（Guan Cun，GC）浓度分别为3，6，9，12 g·L^-1；高岭土（Kaolin，KL）浓度分别为20，40，60，80 g·L^-1，以喷施清水为对照，喷施3个月后测定其对4种草叶片蒸腾速率（Transpiration rate，Tr）、净光合速率（Net photosynthetic rate，Pn）、水分利用效率（Water use efficiency，WUE）和生物量的影响。结果表明：在试验浓度区间内，FA浓度越高，蒙古冰草、沙打旺、白花草木樨的Tr值越小、Pn值越小，WUE呈现先升高再降低的趋势；GC喷施浓度越高，蒙古冰草、沙打旺、白花草木樨叶片的Tr值越小、WUE值越大，Pn值较对照低但各浓度间未达到显著性差异；KL喷施浓度越高，蒙古冰草与蜀葵各浓度处理的Pn值越小、WUE值越小，Tr值较对照低但各浓度间未达到显著性差异。3种抗蒸腾剂对蒸腾速率的抑制程度均为GC和KL大于FA，对净光合速率的抑制程度均为KL和GC小于FA，对水分利用效率的提升程度均为KL和GC大于FA。综合3种抗蒸腾剂在植物叶面的喷施效果，GC和KL喷施效果较好，FA较差；蒙古冰草与沙打旺喷施12 g·L^-1的GC、白花草木樨与蜀葵喷施20 g·L^-1 KL的措施可用于干旱荒漠区采煤迹地的植被恢复。

关键词: 草本植物, 抗蒸腾剂, 喷施浓度, 水分利用效率, 干旱荒漠区