Acta Agrestia Sinica

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (S1): 104-112.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.Z1.012

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Soil Degradation Intensity and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Alpine Grassland in Qinghai Province

QIN Hai-rong1, CHEN Zhang-cheng2, HU Yue-ming3, WANG Li-ya1, XIAO Wu4, ZHAO Zhi-zhong3, HU Yong-qiang6, ZHAO Li4, MA Bing-yun1, HUO Jun-ling1, WANG Fu-cheng1   

  1. 1. Qinghai Comprehensive Survey and Monitoring Institute of Natural Resources, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China;
    3. Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    4. South China Academy of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510610, China;
    5. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China;
    6. Science and Technology Information Institute of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    7. South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
  • Received:2021-04-01 Revised:2021-09-13 Online:2021-10-30 Published:2021-11-17

青海省高寒草地土壤侵蚀强度及其空间分布特点

秦海蓉1, 陈长成2, 胡月明3, 王立亚1, 肖武4, 赵之重3, 胡永强6, 赵理4, 马秉云1, 霍俊领1, 王福成1   

  1. 1. 青海省自然资源综合调查监测院, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院, 广东 广州 510060;
    3. 青海大学, 青海 西宁 810016;
    4. 广州市华南自然资源科学技术研究院, 广东 广州 510610;
    5. 浙江大学, 浙江 杭州 310058;
    6. 青海省科学技术信息研究所公司, 青海 西宁 810008;
    7. 华南农业大学, 广东 广州 510642
  • 通讯作者: 王福成,E-mail:fcwang2010@163.com
  • 作者简介:秦海蓉(1966-),女,青海西宁人,硕士研究生,高级(畜牧)草原师,主要从事草地监测研究,E-mail:1062899531@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501801）；青海省科技计划项目（2019-HZ-801）资助

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Abstract: The evaluation of alpine grassland soil degradation is helpful to grasp the spatial distribution of alpine grassland degradation, and has great significance to maintain grassland ecological security and ensure regional sustainable development. This study evaluated the soil degradation intensity and spatial distribution of alpine grassland in Qinghai Province based on the Improved Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, and calculated the evaluation index of soil erosion of Alpine Grassland in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2014, to evaluate the changing trend of soil erosion of alpine grassland. The results showed that the mildly degraded area of alpine grassland in Qinghai Province was 166 925 km2, accounting for 39.5% of the total grassland area;the moderately degraded area was 98 729 km2, accounting for 23.4% of the total grassland area;the severely degraded area was 949 401 km2, accounting for 22.5% of the total grassland area;the extremely severely degraded area was 61 787 km2, accounting for 14.6% of the total grassland area in 2014. The overall intensity of soil erosion was centered on the most intense area and radiated to the surrounding area. The main influencing factors included wind erosion, water erosion, and grazing intensity. In addition, the restoration area of soil erosion of alpine grassland in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2014 was 258 495 km2, accounting for 61.2%, which reflects the remarkable achievements of grassland protection in Qinghai Province in recent years. However, the situation of soil degradation of alpine grassland in the middle east of Qinghai Province is still severe, which should be paid great attention by relevant departments.

Key words: The alpine grassland, Soil degradation, RUSLE, Erosion intensity

摘要： 开展高寒草地土壤退化评价有助于掌握高寒草地退化的空间分布规律，对维持草地生态安全、保障区域可持续发展具有重要的意义。本研究基于改进的通用土壤侵蚀修订模型对青海省高寒草地土壤侵蚀退化强度和空间分布进行评价，并计算了2005—2014年青海省高寒草地土壤侵蚀评价指数，从而分析其变化趋势。结果表明：2014年度青海省高寒草地土壤侵蚀强度轻度、中度、重度和极度剧烈退化面积及占比分别为166 925 km2（39.5%），98 729 km2（23.4%），949 401 km2（22.5%）及61 787 km2（14.6%）。土壤侵蚀强度整体呈现以最剧烈区域为中心，向四周辐射的趋势，主要影响因素包括风蚀、水蚀及放牧强度等。此外，青海省高寒草地2005—2014年土壤侵蚀变化恢复面积为258 495 km2（61.2%），反映了近年来青海省草地保护工作成效显著，然而在青海省的中东部地区高寒草地土壤退化的形势仍比较严峻，应当引起相关部门的高度重视。

关键词: 高寒草地, 土壤退化, RUSLE, 侵蚀强度

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