Abstract: Xinjiang is an important ecological barrier area and the core region of the "Belt and Road Initiative" in China. The soil conservation service of grassland is crucial for preventing soil erosion， water loss and desertification. Based on data of grassland types， precipitation， soil texture， etc.， the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of soil conservation of Xinjiang grassland from 1980 to 2020 and to identify its hotspots. The influencing factors were analyzed by the Geodetector method， and the risk levels were analyzed by supply and demand risk system. Our results showed that： The soil conservation service of grasslands showed an increasing trend from 1980 to 2020， with alpine meadows， mountain meadows and temperate steppe having a stronger soil conservation capacity. The hot spots were mainly concentrated in northern Xinjiang， while the cold spots are in the Junggar Basin and southern Xinjiang. The spatial heterogeneity of soil conservation service is mainly affected by natural factors such as slope and precipitation. The risk level of soil conservation supply and demand in most areas was safe， and the vulnerable areas were mainly distributed in temperate desert grasslands in southern and northern Xinjiang. Based on these results， the management measures to maintain and enhance the soil conservation service of grassland to reduce soil erosion and desertification and to build the ecological security barrier in the northwest were discussed.

Key words: Xinjiang grassland ecosystem service, Soil conservation service, Soil erosion, Supply and demand risk

摘要： 新疆是我国重要的生态屏障区和“一带一路”核心区，草地的土壤保持服务对防止水土流失、土壤侵蚀和沙漠化至关重要。本研究基于草地类型、降水、土壤质地等数据，利用修正土壤流失方程评估1980至2020年新疆草地土壤保持服务的时空分布格局并识别热点区域，结合地理探测器分析影响因素，通过供需风险体系分析其风险等级。结果表明：1980—2020年新疆草地土壤保持服务呈增加趋势，高寒草甸、山地草甸和温性草原的土壤保持能力较强；热点区集中在北疆，冷点区为准噶尔盆地和南疆；土壤保持服务的空间异质性主要受坡度和降水等自然因素的影响；大部分地区土壤保持供需风险等级为安全，脆弱区主要分布在南疆和北疆的温性荒漠类草地。基于研究结果探讨了维持和提升草地土壤保持服务的管理措施，以减少土壤侵蚀和沙漠化，构筑西北生态安全屏障。

关键词: 新疆草地生态系统服务, 土壤保持服务, 土壤侵蚀, 供需风险