Spatial Differentiation of Soil Fertility and Its Influencing Factors in Alpine Marsh Wetlands of Qilian Mountain National Park

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.028

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1471-1482.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.028

Spatial Differentiation of Soil Fertility and Its Influencing Factors in Alpine Marsh Wetlands of Qilian Mountain National Park

ZHOU Nan^1,2, MAO Xu-feng^1,2, YU Hong-yan³, TANG Wen-jia⁴, ZHANG Le-le^1,2, JIN Xin^1,2, JIN Yan-xiang^1,2, YANG Yong-xiao^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Natural Geography and Ecological Conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Key Laboratory of Natural Geography and Environmental Processes, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
2. College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
3. Service and Support Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
4. Qinghai Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Xining, Qinghai Province 810007, China

Received:2025-07-06 Revised:2025-08-30 Published:2026-04-15

祁连山国家公园高寒沼泽湿地土壤肥力空间分异及其影响因素

周楠^1,2, 毛旭锋^1,2, 于红妍³, 唐文家⁴, 张乐乐^1,2, 金鑫^1,2, 金彦香^1,2, 杨永潇^1,2

1. 青藏高原自然地理与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008;
2. 青海师范大学地理科学学院, 青海西宁 810008;
3. 祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心, 青海西宁 810008;
4. 青海省生态环境厅, 青海西宁 810007

通讯作者: 毛旭锋，E-mail：maoxufeng@yeah.net
作者简介:周楠（1996-），女，汉族，江苏徐州人，硕士研究生，主要从事湿地生态过程研究，E-mail：18709785087@163.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（42201174）；青海省科技厅自然科学基金（2024-ZJ-910）资助

Abstract

Abstract: To reveal the characteristics and spatial differentiation mechanisms of soil fertility at different degradation stages of alpine marsh wetlands， 84 plots were selected in this study， including non-degraded， lightly degraded， and moderately degraded wetlands in Qilian Mountain National Park， Qinghai. An improved Nemerow index and principal component analysis were used to evaluate soil fertility， and the geographical detector model was employed to quantify the influence of environmental factors on its spatial heterogeneity. The results showed that soils at all degradation stages were within the fertile level. The comprehensive fertility index was the highest in non-degraded wetlands （2.03）， slightly decreasing in lightly （1.87） and moderately degraded wetlands （1.83）， with total nitrogen being identified as the main limiting factor. As degradation intensified， soil organic matter， cation exchange capacity， total nitrogen， and total phosphorus gradually decreased， whereas total potassium increased. Except for total potassium， all indicators declined with soil depth. Geographical detection revealed that mean annual precipitation （q=0.741）， altitude （q=0.403）， and mean annual temperature （q=0.402） were the dominant factors influencing the spatial differentiation of soil fertility. Among the multi-factor interactions， the combinations of mean annual precipitation and temperature （q=0.897）， and temperature and NDVI （q=0.870） showed the strongest explanatory power for the spatial pattern of soil fertility. These findings provide a theoretical basis for degradation diagnosis and ecological restoration of alpine marsh wetlands.

Key words: Alpine marsh wetland, Soil fertility, Geographic detector, Spatial heterogeneity, Qilian Mountain National Park

摘要： 为揭示高寒沼泽湿地不同退化阶段土壤肥力特征及空间分异机制，选取青海祁连山国家公园未退化、轻度退化和中度退化湿地共84个样方，采用改进内梅罗指数和主成分分析评估土壤肥力，并运用地理探测器量化环境因子对其空间异质性的影响。结果表明：各退化阶段土壤均处于肥沃等级，其中未退化湿地综合肥力最高（2.03），轻度（1.87）和中度退化（1.83）略有下降，全氮是主要限制因子。随着退化加剧，土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、全氮和全磷含量逐渐降低，全钾含量升高；除全钾含量外，各指标随土层加深而下降。地理探测表明，年均降水量（q=0.741）、海拔（q=0.403）和年均气温（q=0.402）是影响土壤肥力空间分异的主导因子；多因子交互中，年均降水与气温（q=0.897）、气温与归一化差分植被指数（Normalized difference vegetation index，NDVI）（q=0.870）的组合对土壤肥力空间格局解释力最强。研究结果可为高寒沼泽湿地退化诊断与生态恢复提供理论依据。

关键词: 高寒沼泽湿地, 土壤肥力, 地理探测器, 空间异质性, 祁连山国家公园

CLC Number:

S158

ZHOU Nan, MAO Xu-feng, YU Hong-yan, TANG Wen-jia, ZHANG Le-le, JIN Xin, JIN Yan-xiang, YANG Yong-xiao. Spatial Differentiation of Soil Fertility and Its Influencing Factors in Alpine Marsh Wetlands of Qilian Mountain National Park[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(4): 1471-1482.

周楠, 毛旭锋, 于红妍, 唐文家, 张乐乐, 金鑫, 金彦香, 杨永潇. 祁连山国家公园高寒沼泽湿地土壤肥力空间分异及其影响因素[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(4): 1471-1482.

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Spatial Differentiation of Soil Fertility and Its Influencing Factors in Alpine Marsh Wetlands of Qilian Mountain National Park

祁连山国家公园高寒沼泽湿地土壤肥力空间分异及其影响因素

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