Abstract: Grasslands play a vital role in safeguarding ecological security and sustaining ecosystem functions. Xinjiang hosts some of China’s most abundant grassland resources. However， under the combined impacts of climate change and human activities， grassland degradation has become increasingly prominent in recent years. To comprehensively assess the current status and degree of ecological restoration in the Xinjiang “Grazing Withdrawal and Grassland Restoration” project areas， we evaluated ecosystem structure， ecosystem quality， and ecosystem services by integrating the InVEST and RUSLE models to quantify restoration outcomes. The results show that： （1） In terms of ecosystem quality， net primary productivity （NPP） increased from 190.96 g·m^-2·a^-1 in 2003 to 205.34 g·m^-2·a^-1 in 2021， and fractional vegetation cover （FVC） continued to rise， with improving areas accounting for 69.78% of the total areas. （2） Regarding ecosystem services， water conservation increased from 98.2 mm during 2003-2015 to 121.1 mm during 2015-2021. Soil retention increased from 273.74 to 283.61 t·hm^-2， while windbreak and sand-fixation capacity changed from 2.82 to 3.62 t·hm^-2. （3） The ecological restoration index （ERI） indicated that high-restoration areas （ERI>0.5） accounted for 19.08% of the study areas， whereas low-restoration areas （ERI≤0.2） represented only 0.02%. These findings provide quantitative evidence to support ecological protection and management in the project areas， facilitating zoned， graded， and differentiated ecological restoration strategies.

Key words: Grazing withdrawal, Ecosystem quality, Ecosystem services, Degree of ecological restoration

摘要： 草地具有保障生态安全和维持生态功能的作用，新疆是我国草地资源最丰富的地区之一，但受气候和人类影响，近年来草地退化问题突出。为全面评估新疆退牧还草工程区生态恢复现状和恢复程度，从生态系统结构、生态质量和生态系统服务分析，综合运用InVEST和RUSLE模型定量评估新疆退牧还草工程生态恢复效果。结果表明：（1）生态质量方面，植被净初级生产力（Net primary productivity，NPP）由2003年190.96 g·m^-2·a^-1上升至2021年205.34 g·m^-2·a^-1，植被覆盖度（Egetation coverage，FVC）持续增加，向好区域面积占比达69.78%。（2）生态系统服务方面，水源涵养量由2003—2015年的98.2 mm增长至2015—2021年的121.1 mm。土壤保持量由273.74 t·hm^-2上升至283.61 t·hm^-2，防风固沙量由2.82 t·hm^-2降至3.62 t·hm^-2。（3）生态恢复指数（ERI），ERI>0.5高恢复区域占全区面积19.08%，而ERI≤0.2的低恢复区仅占0.02%。研究结果为新疆退牧还草工程区生态保护管理提供量化依据，支撑分区、分级、差异化生态修复策略制定。

关键词: 退牧还草, 生态质量, 生态系统服务, 生态恢复程度