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沉水玛利亚霉新种以及链状玛利亚霉的新生境记录
({{custom_author.role_cn}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_cn_index++;}}Mariannaea submersa sp. nov., with a new habitat and geographic record of Mariannaea catenulata
({{custom_author.role_en}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index++;}}通过形态特征与系统发育分析（LSU和ITS）,报道了玛利亚霉属Mariannaea的1个新种和1个新记录种。新种沉水玛利亚霉Mariannaea submersa的主要形态特征为透明、分支状的分生孢子梗上带有3-6个环生瓶梗,产孢细胞烧瓶形至锥形,分子孢子为宽梭形至卵圆形,无隔膜,颜色透明且带有尖锐顶部和截断底部。链状玛利亚霉Mariannaea catenulata首次采集于淡水环境,同时也是首次报道于亚洲地区（泰国）。本研究进一步证明玛利亚霉属真菌在淡水环境中的高多样性。
A new species and a new record of Mariannaea (Nectriaceae, Sordariomycetes) collected from freshwater habitats, are reported based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS sequence data. Mariannaea submersa sp. nov. is characterized by hyaline, septate, branched conidiophores with 3-6 verticillate phialides, flask-like to awl-shaped conidiogenous cells, and broadly fusiform to ovoid, aseptate, hyaline conidia with pointed tip and narrowly truncated base.Mariannaea catenulata is first collected from freshwater habitats and first collected from Asia (Thailand). This study further proves a high diversity of Mariannaea species in freshwater habitats.
无性型 / 形态 / 丛赤壳科 / 瓶梗产孢 / 系统发育 {{custom_keyword}} /
asexual morph / morphology / Nectriaceae / phialides / phylogeny {{custom_keyword}} /
图3 剑孢新赤壳 (HMAS 290889)A-C：自然基物上的子囊壳;D,E：25 ℃培养7 d的菌落形态 (D：PDA;E：SNA);F：子囊壳纵切面结构;G-I：子囊及子囊孢子;J-L：子囊孢子;M,N：分生孢子梗和小型分生孢子;O：小型分生孢子;P-S：大型分生孢子. 标尺：A-C=1 mm;F=50 μm;G-S=10 μm Fig. 3 Neocosmospora protoensiformis (HMAS 290889). A-C: Ascomata on natural substratum; D, E: Colonies after 7 d at 25 °C (D: PDA; E: SNA); F: Median section of an ascoma; G-I: Asci with ascospores; J-L: Ascospores; M, N: Conidiophores and microconidia; O: Microconidia; P-S: Macroconidia. Bars: A-C=1 mm; F=50 μm; G-S=10 μm. |
图5 瘤顶赤壳 (HMAS 290890)A-C：自然基物上的子囊壳;D,E：25 ℃培养14 d的菌落形态 (D：PDA;E：SNA);F：子囊壳纵切面结构;G-K：分生孢子梗和分生孢子;L：厚垣孢子. 标尺：A-C=1 mm;F=50 μm;G-L=10 μm Fig. 5 Tumenectria laetidisca (HMAS 290890). A-C: Ascomata on natural substratum; D, E: Colonies after 14 d at 25 °C (D: PDA; E: SNA); F: Median section of an ascoma; G-K: Conidiophores and conidia; L: Chlamydospores. Bars: A-C=1 mm; F=50 μm; G-L=10 μm. |
图6 基于ITS和LSU序列的MP树粗体显示5个中国新记录种的系统发育位置,MPBP大于50% (左)、BIPP大于90% (右)标注于分支节点上 Fig. 6 Maximum parsimony phylogram reconstructed from the combined sequences of ITS and LSU. the phylogenetic position of the five Nectriaceae species new to China. MPBP above 50% (left) showing and BIPP above 90% (right) are given respectively. |
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During our ongoing surveys of fungi on submerged wood in the Greater Mekong Subregion, we collected two new species similar to. gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate the new species,, and is transferred to this genus. Fasciculate conidiophores, enteroblastic conidiogenous cells and subulate to fusiform, phragmoseptate conidia with a tapering apical cell and sheath characterize the genus. has longer conidia than. The placement of in (Eurotiomycetes) is a novel finding based on analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Our study reveals that is likely to be a speciose genus with different species in streams around the world. Copyright © 2020 Dong, Hyde, Doilom, Yu, Bhat, Jeewon, Boonmee, Wang, Nalumpang and Zhang.
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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) played an important role in shaping microbial genomes. In addition to genes under sporadic selection, HGT also affects housekeeping genes and those involved in information processing, even ribosomal RNA encoding genes. Here we describe tools that provide an assessment and graphic illustration of the mosaic nature of microbial genomes. We adapted the Maximum Likelihood (ML) mapping to the analyses of all detected quartets of orthologous genes found in four genomes. We have automated the assembly and analyses of these quartets of orthologs given the selection of four genomes. We compared the ML-mapping approach to more rigorous Bayesian probability and Bootstrap mapping techniques. The latter two approaches appear to be more conservative than the ML-mapping approach, but qualitatively all three approaches give equivalent results. All three tools were tested on mitochondrial genomes, which presumably were inherited as a single linkage group. In some instances of interphylum relationships we find nearly equal numbers of quartets strongly supporting the three possible topologies. In contrast, our analyses of genome quartets containing the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. indicate that a large part of the cyanobacterial genome is related to that of low GC Gram positives. Other groups that had been suggested as sister groups to the cyanobacteria contain many fewer genes that group with the Synechocystis orthologs. Interdomain comparisons of genome quartets containing the archaeon Halobacterium sp. revealed that Halobacterium sp. shares more genes with Bacteria that live in the same environment than with Bacteria that are more closely related based on rRNA phylogeny. Many of these genes encode proteins involved in substrate transport and metabolism and in information storage and processing. The performed analyses demonstrate that relationships among prokaryotes cannot be accurately depicted by or inferred from the tree-like evolution of a core of rarely transferred genes; rather prokaryotic genomes are mosaics in which different parts have different evolutionary histories. Probability mapping is a valuable tool to explore the mosaic nature of genomes.
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Acknowledgments: G.N. Wang would like to thank Rekhani Hansika Perera and Niamali Indeewari de Silva for their valuable suggestions and help.
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