草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 1520-1529.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2023.05.027

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

“碳中和”下光伏对西北荒漠生态因子与植被分布的影响

乔圣超1,2, 喻朝庆1,2, 黄逍2, 刘昌义3, 赵子健3   

  1. 1. 清华大学, 北京 100084;
    2. 海南大学, 海南 海口 570228;
    3. 全球能源互联网发展合作组织, 北京 100038
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-01 修回日期:2023-04-15 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 喻朝庆,E-mail:chaoqingyu@hainanu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:乔圣超(1994-)，男，汉族，山东临沂人，博士，主要从事全球变化生态学、植被动态与可持续发展等研究
  • 基金资助:
    全球能源互联网集团项目(SGGEIG00 JYJS2000053) 资助

The Impacts of Centralized Photovoltaic Power Plants on Ecological Drivers and Vegetation Development in China’s Northwestern Desert Regions under the Carbon Neutrality Strategy

QIAO Sheng-chao1,2, YU Chao-qing1,2, HUANG Xiao2, LIU Chang-yi3, ZHAO Zi-jian3   

  1. 1. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province 570228, China;
    3. Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization, Beijing 100038, China
  • Received:2023-03-01 Revised:2023-04-15 Online:2023-05-15 Published:2023-05-31

PDF

摘要： 我国的"碳中和"战略将推动西北荒漠区太阳能资源的大规模利用。光伏基地的下垫面结构变化对荒漠土地植物生长的生态要素将产生什么影响,目前尚缺乏系统性认识。本文以腾格里沙漠南沿宁夏中卫市的光伏产业园区为例,通过分析卫星遥感植被指数和已有文献资料发现:2011-2021年间园区内有植被覆盖的像素单元从近乎为0增长至约33%,光伏阵列的建设改变下垫面的能量、温湿度和风场等生态因子是促使植被由无到有发育的决定因素。在满足2060年我国约4.0~4.3万亿kWh光伏发电需求的前提下,最可能情境的光伏建设用地需求为2.4~4.0万km2,可促进约1.6~2.6万km2荒漠土地的植被发育。这虽不足以根本改变西北荒漠区的生态格局,但继续深入研究光伏基地中生态因素的变化和效应,对认识西北荒漠区植被发育机制、生态阈值和水资源利用的可持续性有重要意义。

关键词: 碳中和, 西北荒漠区, 集中式光伏基地, 植被发育, 生态因子变化

Abstract: Large scale utilization of solar energy in the arid region may facilitate vegetation growth in northwestern deserts in China. The vegetation analysis using Landsat images indicates that rate of pixels with vegetation growth has increased from nearly 0% in 2011 to about 33% in 2021 within a large photovoltaic power plant, located in the south of the Tengger Desert. The structure of solar panel arrays plays a pivotal role in facilitating vegetation development by changing the energy balance, temperature, moisture and wind in the microenvironment. To meet the projected demands on 4.0~4.3 trillion kWh of solar power supply for China's carbon neutrality strategy by 2060, the total area for solar power plants in deserts is about 24~40 thousand km2, and may stimulate 16~25 thousand km2 of desert lands changed to grazing lands under the most likely scenarios, which cannot fundamentally change the ecological landscape in northwestern China. Further study of the vegetative development processes from deserts in solar power plants can improve our understanding on the key ecological drivers and thresholds, and the ways of sustainable water use.

Key words: Carbon neutrality, Northwest desert region, Centralized of solar power plants, Vegetation development, Changes of ecological drivers

中图分类号: