草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 1114-1126.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.04.011

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

青海祁连山国家公园退化高寒沼泽湿地植物群落和土壤特征及其关系研究

周楠1,2, 王蕾1,2,3, 毛旭锋1,2, 魏晓燕4, 高雅月5, 于红妍6, 唐文家7, 张紫萍7   

  1. 1. 青海师范大学地理科学学院, 青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海师范大学, 青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 南昌工程学院土木与建筑工程学院, 江西 南昌 330099;
    4. 青海师范大学经济与管理学院, 青海 西宁 810008;
    5. 祁连山国家公园青海省管理局, 青海 西宁 810008;
    6. 祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心, 青海 西宁 810008;
    7. 青海省生态环境厅, 青海省生态环境监测与评估重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-08-05 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 毛旭锋,E-mail:maoxufeng@yeah.net
  • 作者简介:周楠（1996-），女，汉族，江苏徐州人，硕士研究生，主要从事湿地生态过程方面研究，E-mail：18709785087@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅项目（2024-ZJ-960）资助

Characteristics of Plant Community and Soil and Their Relationship Research in Degraded Alpine Marsh Wetlands in Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park

ZHOU Nan1,2, WANG Lei1,2,3, MAO Xu-feng1,2, WEI Xiao-yan4, GAO Ya-yue5, YU Hong-yan6, TANG Wen-jia7, ZHANG Zi-ping7   

  1. 1. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes, College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    3. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330099, China;
    4. College of Economics and Management, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    5. Qilian Mountain National Park Administration Bureau of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    6. Qinghai Service and Support Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    7. Qinghai Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Monitoring and Assessment, Xining, Qinghai Province 810007, China
  • Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-08-05 Published:2025-04-28

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摘要： 为探究高寒沼泽不同退化程度下湿地植物与土壤特征，以青海祁连山国家公园高寒沼泽湿地为研究对象，获取2022年和2023年7—8月共50个样地的植物和土壤理化特征指标，采用冗余分析等方法分析不同退化阶段下沼泽湿地植物和土壤特征及其关系。结果表明：与未退化沼泽湿地相比，退化沼泽湿地植物性状特征存在显著差异（P<0.05），植物高度、盖度、密度和地上生物量分别平均下降了55.3%，47.4%，45.0%和58.6%；随着退化程度的加剧，藏嵩草（Kobresia tibetica）等莎草科的优势种地位逐渐被削弱，杂类草的重要值呈上升趋势，群落结构趋向复杂；土壤含水量以及养分含量随湿地退化呈现出不断降低趋势（P<0.05），土壤全钾（Total potassium，TK）表现出明显富集现象；土壤含水量（Soil moisture content ，SMC）、全钾（Total potassium ，TK）及全氮（Total nitrogen ，TN）为高寒沼泽湿地响应退化的理化因子。本研究有助于厘清不同退化阶段高寒沼泽湿地的退化规律，可为保护和恢复沼泽湿地提供科学依据。

关键词: 高寒沼泽湿地, 退化程度, 物种多样性, 祁连山国家公园

Abstract: To explore the characteristics of wetland plants and soil under different degrees of degradation in alpine marsh wetlands， the alpine marsh wetlands in Qinghai Qilian Mountain National Park were selected as the research object. A total of 50 sample plots were collected in July and August of 2022 and 2023， and the plant and soil physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using redundancy analysis and other methods to explore the differences and relationships between the plant and soil characteristics under different degradation stages. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant traits between degraded and non-degraded marsh wetlands （P<0.05）， with plant height， coverage， density， and aboveground biomass decreasing by an average of 55.3%， 47.4%， 45.0%， and 58.6%， respectively； As the degree of degradation increased， the dominance of Kobresia tibetica and other sedge family species gradually weakened， and the importance of miscellaneous grasses was on the rise， leading to a more complex community structure； The soil moisture and nutrients showed a continuous decreasing trend with the degradation of wetlands （P<0.05）， and the total potassium （TK） in the soil showed a significant enrichment phenomenon； Soil moisture content （SMC）， total potassium （TK）， and total nitrogen （TN） were the physical and chemical factors that responded to degradation in alpine marsh wetlands. This study helps to clarify the degradation patterns of alpine marsh wetlands at different stages of degradation， and provide scientific evidence for the protection and restoration of marsh wetlands.

Key words: Alpine Marsh wetland, Degree of degradation, Species diversity, Qilian Mountain National Park

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