草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1391-1402.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.022

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

马鹿放牧对云雾山封育草地植物-土壤系统化学计量特征的影响

马晓瑞1, 李玮2, 安可3, 张梦婕4, 田慧慧5, 王亦波5, 拓行行1, 叶发明6,7, 尹子鸣1, 杨庆6,7, 韩新宁8, 李伟1   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院/水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    2. 宁夏仁存渡护岸林场, 宁夏 灵武 751400;
    3. 定边县气象局, 陕西 定边 718600;
    4. 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    5. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    6. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
    7. 中国科学院大学, 北京 110494;
    8. 宁夏师范大学资源环境与生命科学学院, 宁夏 固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-19 修回日期:2025-11-17 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 韩新宁,E-mail:hanxinning@163.com;李伟,E-mail:liwei2013@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:马晓瑞(2001-),女,汉族,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态学等研究,E-mail:maxr@nwafu.edu.cn;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42277464);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302800);陕西省重点研发项目(2024SF-YBXM-545);宁夏自然科学基金(2025AAC030610);2025榆林市科技计划项目(2025-CXY-045)资助

The Influence of Cervus elaphus kansuensis Grazing on Leaf-Soil Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics of Plant Community in A Long-Term Enclosed Grassland of Ningxia

MA Xiao-rui1, LI Wei2, AN Ke3, ZHANG Meng-jie4, TIAN Hui-hui5, WANG Yi-bo5, TUO Hang-hang1, YE Fa-ming6,7, YIN Zi-ming1, YANG Qing6,7, HAN Xin-ning8, LI Wei1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    2. Ningxia Rencundu Revetment Forest Farm, Lingwu, Ningxia 751400, China;
    3. Dingbian County Meteorological Bureau, Dingbian, Shaanxi Province 718600, China;
    4. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    5. College of Grassland Science and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    6. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 110494, China;
    8. College of Resources, Environment and Life Sciences, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan, Ningxia 756000, China
  • Received:2025-09-19 Revised:2025-11-17 Published:2026-04-15

摘要: 探讨放牧对长期封育草地植物-土壤连续体碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量学特征的影响对草地可持续管理具有重要意义。本研究以宁夏云雾山封育38年的草地为研究对象,通过设置未放牧、轻度放牧、中度放牧、重度放牧4种甘肃马鹿(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)放牧强度,系统分析群落水平(即群落加权平均)叶片和土壤的生态化学计量比及其耦合关系。结果表明:(1)中度放牧最有利于N, P养分的积累,且植物生长的养分限制由未放牧的P限制和轻、中度放牧的N-P共同限制,转变为重度放牧的N限制;(2)随放牧强度的增加,表层(0~10 cm)土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)、C∶N均呈先升后降的趋势,并在中度放牧达峰值,分别为40.40 g·kg-1,12.08,而土壤N, C∶P, N∶P则在轻度放牧最低,分别为3.22 g·kg-1, 48.15, 4.43,随土层加深,所有土壤指标均呈递减趋势;(3)叶片C, N含量与多数土壤SOC, N, P及计量比呈负相关,而叶片P含量与这些指标则呈正相关;土层深度同时影响植物叶片和土壤化学计量,而放牧强度则主要作用于土壤相关指标。综上,马鹿放牧显著影响了云雾山长期封育草地植物-土壤系统的生态化学计量特征,中度放牧有利于植物生长和土壤养分积累,是维持区域草地健康的关键放牧强度阈值,这些结果为进一步优化放牧管理,促进长期封育草地的可持续利用提供了数据支撑和理论依据。

关键词: 马鹿放牧, 典型草原, 长期封育, 生态化学计量

Abstract: Investigating the effects of grazing on the ecological chemometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the plant-soil continuum of long-term enclosed grasslands is crucial for sustainable grassland management. This study investigated a 38-year-old enclosed grassland in Yunwu Mountain, Ningxia, by systematically analyzing ecological-metabolic ratios and their coupling relationships at the community level (community-weighted average) for leaves and soil across four grazing intensities of Gansu Cervus canadensisCervus elaphus kansuensis): ungrazed, light grazing, moderate grazing, and heavy grazing. Results indicated: (1) Moderate grazing most effectively promoted N and P accumulation. Plant growth shifted from P limitation under no grazing and combined N-P limitation under light/moderate grazing to N limitation under heavy grazing; (2) With increasing grazing intensity, both topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) and C∶N ratio in the topsoil (0~10 cm) showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, peaking at moderate grazing levels at 40.40 g·kg-1 and 12.08, respectively. Conversely, soil N, C∶P, and N∶P ratios were the lowest at light grazing levels at 3.22 g·kg-1, 48.15, and 4.43, respectively. All soil parameters decreased with increasing soil depth. (3) Leaf C and N contents showed negative correlations with most soil SOC, N, P, and their ratios, while leaf P content was correlated positively with these parameters. Soil depth influenced both plant leaf and soil chemical parameters, whereas grazing intensity primarily affected soil-related indicators. In summary, grazing significantly influenced the chemical-nutrient characteristics of the plant-soil system in the long-term enclosed grassland of Yunwu Mountain. Moderate grazing promoted plant growth and soil nutrient accumulation, representing a critical grazing intensity threshold for maintaining regional grassland health. These findings provide data support and theoretical basis for further optimizing grazing management and promoting the sustainable use of long-term closed-pasture grasslands.

Key words: Cervus elaphus grazing, Steppe, Long-term fencing, Ecological stoichiometry

中图分类号: