不同草地管理方式下土壤结构与持水性的土层分异特征及其与根系的关系研究

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.002

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 2355-2365.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.07.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

不同草地管理方式下土壤结构与持水性的土层分异特征及其与根系的关系研究

李家乐, 孟令旭, 毛楠, 白燕楠, 张英俊, 刘楠

中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-03-19 发布日期:2026-07-02
通讯作者: 刘楠，E-mail:liunan@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:李家乐（2001-），男，汉族，安徽六安人，硕士研究生，主要从事草地生态与管理研究，E-mail:ssl20010411@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（32573605）；国家牧草产业技术体系（CARS-34）资助

Vertical Differentiation of Soil Structure and Water Retention under Different Grassland Management Practices and Their Relationships with Root Systems

LI Jia-le, MENG Ling-xu, MAO Nan, BAI Yan-nan, ZHANG Ying-jun, LIU Nan

College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-19 Published:2026-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤物理结构在维持草地生态系统功能中具有关键作用，其形成与植物根系密切相关。然而，不同管理方式如何通过调控地下生物量影响全剖面土壤结构及持水性仍不明确。本研究比较了围封、持续放牧、休牧和刈割4种管理方式对0~10，10~30，30~60和60~100 cm土层下土壤物理结构（容重、孔隙分布、团聚体组成）、持水性及地下生物量的影响。结果表明：土壤结构对管理的响应主要集中于表层。在0~10 cm土层，持续放牧显著降低地下生物量，导致容重增加、孔隙率下降及大团聚体减少。相比之下，休牧通过维持较高地下生物量，有效缓解土壤压实并维持土壤结构。大团聚体对管理方式最为敏感，其影响深度可达60 cm。此外，孔隙结构与持水能力均与地下生物量显著正相关。综上，地下生物量是驱动土壤结构变化的关键因子，休牧通过促进根系发育，有助于提升土壤结构稳定性和蓄水能力。

关键词: 草地管理, 地下生物量, 土壤物理结构, 持水性, 剖面分异, 温带草甸草原

Abstract: Soil physical structure plays a crucial role in maintaining grassland ecosystem functions and its formation is intimately linked with plant root systems. However， it remains unclear how different management practices affect soil structure and water retention throughout the profile by regulating belowground biomass （BGB）. This study compared the effects of four management practices—fencing， continuous grazing， rest grazing， and mowing—on soil physical structure （bulk density， pore distribution， aggregate composition）， water retention， and BGB in the 0-10， 10-30， 30-60， and 60-100 cm soil layers. The results showed that the response of soil structure to management was primarily concentrated in the surface layer. In the 0-10 cm layer， continuous grazing significantly reduced BGB， leading to increasing bulk density， decreasing porosity， and a reduction in macroaggregates. In contrast， rest grazing effectively mitigated soil compaction and maintained soil structure by sustaining higher BGB. Macroaggregates were the most sensitive indicator of management， with impacts extending to a depth of 60 cm. Furthermore， both pore structure and water-holding capacity were significantly and positively correlated with BGB. In conclusion， BGB is a key driver of soil structural changes， and rest grazing， by promoting root development， helps to enhance soil structural stability and water storage capacity.

Key words: Grassland management, Belowground biomass, Soil physical structure, Water retention, Profile differentiation, Temperate meadow steppe

中图分类号:

S812.2

李家乐, 孟令旭, 毛楠, 白燕楠, 张英俊, 刘楠. 不同草地管理方式下土壤结构与持水性的土层分异特征及其与根系的关系研究[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(7): 2355-2365.

LI Jia-le, MENG Ling-xu, MAO Nan, BAI Yan-nan, ZHANG Ying-jun, LIU Nan. Vertical Differentiation of Soil Structure and Water Retention under Different Grassland Management Practices and Their Relationships with Root Systems[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(7): 2355-2365.

参考文献

[1] JEEWANI P H, VAN ZWIETEN L, ZHU Z K, et al. Abiotic and biotic regulation on carbon mineralization and stabilization in paddy soils along iron oxide gradients[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 160:108312
[2] LI J Q, PEI J M, LIU J J, et al. Spatiotemporal variability of fire effects on soil carbon and nitrogen: A global meta-analysis[J]. Global Change Biology, 2021, 27(17):4196-4206
[3] BALDWIN J W, GARCIA-PORTA J, BOTERO C A. Phenotypic responses to climate change are significantly dampened in big-brained birds[J]. Ecology Letters, 2022, 25(4):939-947
[4] CAO J J, WANG L Y, ADAMOWSKI J F, et al. A context-dependent response of soil carbon and nitrogen to grazing exclusion: evidence from a global meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 434:139792
[5] LISEC U, PREVOLNIK POVŠE M, GSELMAN A, et al. Sustainable grassland-management systems and their effects on the physicochemical properties of soil[J]. Plants, 2024, 13(6):838
[6] LI S C, XING T T, SA R L, et al. Effects of grazing on soil respiration in global grassland ecosystems[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2024, 238:106033
[7] AJAYI A E, FALOYE O T, REINSCH T, et al. Changes in soil structure and pore functions under long term/continuous grassland management[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2021, 314:107407
[8] DIGNAM B E A, O’CALLAGHAN M, CONDRON L M, et al. Impacts of long-term plant residue management on soil organic matter quality, Pseudomonas community structure and disease suppressiveness[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2019, 135:396-406
[9] ZHANG Y X, HE C M, YUE B, et al. The influence of grazing on grassland ecosystem C: N: P stoichiometry[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2025, 70(11):1566-1576
[10] WANG M, ZHANG C, CHEN S S, et al. Moderate grazing increased carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage in plants and soil in the Eurasian meadow steppe ecosystem[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 914:169864
[11] ZHANG Y W, PENG Z C, CHANG S H, et al. Grazing management can achieve the reconFig.uration of vegetation to combat climate impacts and promote soil carbon sequestration[J]. Plant Diversity, 2025, 47(5):793-803
[12] WANG D, LIU C, YANG Y S, et al. Clipping decreases plant cover, litter mass, and water infiltration rate in soil across six plant community sites in a semiarid grassland[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 861:160692
[13] YANG Y, MENG Z J, LI H N, et al. Soil porosity as a key factor of soil aggregate stability: insights from restricted grazing[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2025, 12:1535193
[14] CHAI Q L, MA Z Y, CHANG X F, et al. Optimizing management to conserve plant diversity and soil carbon stock of semi-arid grasslands on the Loess Plateau[J]. Catena, 2019, 172:781-788
[15] SIRIMARCO X, VILLARINO S, BARRAL M P, et al. Transformation of tall-tussock grasslands and soil water dynamics in the Flooding Pampa[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 896:165362
[16] HU J P, ZHANG M X, LÜ Z L, et al. Grazing practices affect phyllosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities of Kobresia humilis by altering their network stability[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 900:165814
[17] KUKA K, JOSCHKO M. Grassland management intensity determines root development, soil structure, and their interrelationship: results of a regional study of Leptosols in the Swabian Alps[J]. Grassland Research, 2024, 3(2):171-186
[18] HAO X H, YANG J J, DONG S K, et al. The influence of grazing intensity on soil organic carbon storage in grassland of China: A meta-analysis[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 924:171439
[19] MORRA B, BRISBIN H, STRINGHAM T, et al. Ecosystem carbon and nitrogen gains following 27 years of grazing management in a semiarid alluvial valley[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 337:117724
[20] CID-RODRÍGUEZ M, CANTONATI M, SPITALE D, et al. Using diatoms and physical and chemical parameters to monitor cow-pasture impact in peat cores from mountain mires[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 926:171779
[21] XU G J, KANG X M, LI W, et al. Different grassland managements significantly change carbon fluxes in an Alpine meadow[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13:1000558
[22] MA Y L, LIU Y F, BAN Y Y, et al. Divergent shift of normal Alpine meadow exacerbated soil loss of hillslope Alpine meadows based on field experiments[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2024, 12(3):565-577
[23] ZHANG Q, DENG J, MAO J, et al. Effects of different fencing durations on soil and microbial carbon and nitrogen contents in a semi-arid grassland[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 41(1): 29-34, 40 张强, 邓军, 毛瑾, 等. 半干旱区不同围封年限对草地土壤和微生物碳氮含量的影响 [J]. 水土保持通报, 2021, 41(1): 29-34, 40
[24] ZHANG C, SUN J, ZHANG M Q, et al. Response of soil phosphorus content to fencing management in alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2024, 41(8): 1802-1813 张宸, 孙建, 张梦琦, 等.青藏高原高寒草地土壤磷含量对围栏管理的响应[J].草业科学, 2024, 41(8):1802-1813
[25] CHAPLOT V, DLAMINI P, CHIVENGE P. Potential of grassland rehabilitation through high density-short duration grazing to sequester atmospheric carbon[J]. Geoderma, 2016, 271:10-17
[26] LA S R, XIANG L J, YANG H X. Research on Soil Organic Carbon Storage Distribution in the Grassland Ecosystem[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(17): 3604-3614
[27] XU F W, LI J J, WU L J, et al. Resource enrichment combined with biomass removal maintains plant diversity and community stability in a long-term grazed grassland[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 13(5):611-620
[28] KHAREL G, DHAKAL M, DEB S K, et al. Effect of long-term semiarid pasture management on soil hydraulic and thermal properties[J]. Plants, 2023, 12(7):1491
[29] LI S Y, ZHANG B, LI Y N, et al. Long-term grazing exacerbates soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitations in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia-A study based on enzyme kinetics[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2024, 194:105192
[30] DE ANDRADE BONETTI J, ANGHINONI I, IVONIR GUBIANI P, et al. Impact of a long-term crop-livestock system on the physical and hydraulic properties of an Oxisol[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 186:280-291
[31] VAROL T, EMIR T, AKGUL M, et al. Impacts of small-scale mechanized logging equipment on soil compaction in forests[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020, 20(3):953-963
[32] ZHANG B, ZHAO T Q, HE Q S, et al. Effects of grazing on soil aggregate composition and stability in Stipa Breviflora desert Steppe[Z]. (2022-01-01)
[33] SOLTANPOUR S, JOURGHOLAMI M. Soil bulk density and porosity changes due to ground-based timber extraction in the Hyrcanian forest[J]. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2013, 5(2):263-269
[34] GŁĄB T. Effect of soil compaction and N fertilization on soil pore characteristics and physical quality of sandy loam soil under red clover/grass sward[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2014, 144:8-19
[35] YI X S, LI G S, YIN Y Y. The impacts of grassland vegetation degradation on soil hydrological and ecological effects in the source region of the Yellow River—a case study in Junmuchang region of Maqin country[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2012, 13:967-981
[36] ZHOU Y, MA H B, XIE Y Z, et al. Response of soil aggregate stability and erodibility to different treatments on typical steppe in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2022, 30(5):e13593
[37] CHEN T, BADEMU Q, DONG X, et al. Effects of heavy grazing on soil microbial diversity and its drivers in different types of grasslands[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2025, 70(11):1601-1611.
[38] ZHANG M N, SONG X J, WU X P, et al. Microbial regulation of aggregate stability and carbon sequestration under long-term conservation tillage and nitrogen application[J]. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2024, 44:74-86
[39] WANG T W, ZHANG Z, LI Z B, et al. Grazing management affects plant diversity and soil properties in a temperate steppe in northern China[J]. Catena, 2017, 158:141-147
[40] CUI H Y, LI W J, CHEN J, et al. Livestock and subterranean mammals have contrasting impacts on soil infiltration of grasslands[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2023, 189:104950
[41] LI A, WU J G, ZHANG X Y, et al. China’s new rural “separating three property rights” land reform results in grassland degradation: evidence from Inner Mongolia[J]. Land Use Policy, 2018, 71:170-182
[42] KENNY L B, GIMÉNEZ D, CAPLAN J S, et al. Rotational horse grazing and dry weather maximize infiltration into soil macropores[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2023, 225:105539
[43] CHEN Y, QI Y, WEI Y, et al. Root traits and soil detachment in response to variable slope gradients in a representative purple-soil sloping grassland[J]. Catena, 2024, 239:107936

不同草地管理方式下土壤结构与持水性的土层分异特征及其与根系的关系研究

Vertical Differentiation of Soil Structure and Water Retention under Different Grassland Management Practices and Their Relationships with Root Systems

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	陈力, 赵丹, 卢明月, 王闻一, 杨昀睿, 王智慧, 王洪义. 呼伦贝尔草原羊草与二裂委陵菜植物功能性状对长期氮磷添加的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(11): 3756-3765.
[2]	杨金翰, 田小明, 胡晨阳, 索文康, 董萌萌, 谢世兴, 王梦园. 氮肥配施调理剂对土壤团聚体和有机碳及莜麦产量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(1): 147-156.
[3]	袁惠, 张鲜花, 韩禧卿, 熊辉, 撒成辉. 盐、碱胁迫对4份梯牧草苗期生物量及生理特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(4): 1184-1193.
[4]	张新永, 李少伟, 刘增辉, 陈林耀, 武建双. 藏北高寒天然草地常见牧草营养品质影响因素分析[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(12): 3797-3806.
[5]	武帅楷, 郝杰, 刁华杰, 居新, 宁亚楠, 苏原, 董宽虎, 王常慧. 晋北农牧交错带草地生物量对短期放牧强度的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(8): 2446-2454.
[6]	刘倬彤, 崔媛媛, 白柳, 王悦骅, 宋晓辉, 李治国, 韩国栋, 王忠武. 模拟降水变化对荒漠草原地上、地下生物量及其分配比例的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(6): 1632-1639.
[7]	张彬, 李邵宇, 古琛, 赵萌莉, 邹俊明, 段红梅, 刘浩杰, 李建国. 内蒙古荒漠草原4种优势植物生物量分配对不同放牧强度的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(12): 3355-3363.
[8]	高娟婷, 孙飞达, 霍霏, 张履冰, 周俗, 杨廷勇, 边巴扎西. 无人机遥感技术在草地动植物调查监测中的应用与评价[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(1): 1-9.
[9]	刘永万, 白炜, 尹鹏松, 冯月, 张景然. 外源氮素添加对长江源区高寒沼泽草甸土壤养分及植物群落生物量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(2): 483-491.
[10]	宋晓辉, 王悦骅, 王占文, 康慧, 刘晨, 李治国, 屈志强, 韩国栋, 王忠武. 不同放牧强度和水分处理下荒漠草原土壤呼吸与群落地下生物量的关系[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(4): 962-968.
[11]	穆少杰, 朱超, 周可新, 李建龙. 内蒙古草地退化防治对策及碳增汇途径研究[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(2): 217-225.
[12]	井向前, 王瑞红, 任德智, 白玛玉珍, 潘刚, 周尧治. 青海海北3种典型高寒草甸植物群落特征研究[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(1): 190-194.
[13]	武瑞鑫, 邵新庆, 胡新振, 钟梦莹, 位晓婷, 潘多, 张德罡. 披针叶黄华茎叶性状对不同草地管理措施的响应及其生长关系研究[J]. 草地学报, 2015, 23(3): 476-482.
[14]	李文, 曹文侠, 徐长林, 师尚礼, 李小龙, 张小娇, 刘皓栋. 不同休牧模式对高寒草甸草原土壤特征及地下生物量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2015, 23(2): 271-276.
[15]	王德利, 王岭. 放牧生态学与草地管理的相关概念：Ⅰ.偏食性[J]. 草地学报, 2014, 22(3): 433-438.