草地学报

›› 1995, Vol. 3 ›› Issue (2): 144-151.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.1995.02.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏草地资源的结构与质量评价

苏大学   

  1. 中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会, 北京 100101
  • 出版日期:1995-05-15 发布日期:2012-07-11

Structure and Quality Evaluation of Rangeland Resources of Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region

Su Daxue   

  1. Commission for Integrated Survey of Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
  • Online:1995-05-15 Published:2012-07-11

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摘要： 西藏拥有各类天然草地8205.2万ha,居全国各省、区草地面积之首。但草地能承载的牲畜数量和产出的畜产品数量却低于内蒙古、新疆等省、区,仅列全国第5位,其原因在于西藏草地资源结构不合理。地处高原亚寒带、寒带,以小莎草和矮禾草为主组成的高寒草地占西藏草地总面积的94.94%,是西藏草地的主体。草地热量不足。年平均干草产量仅384kg/ha,为全国最低水平。割草地贫乏,可供割草的草地面积不及草地总面积的0.1%,牲畜必须终年放牧,冷季放牧草地面积小,利用期长,载畜力低,暖季放牧草地面积大,利用期短,冷、暖季草地分布不平衡、载畜力不协调是制约西藏草地畜牧业生产水平提高的主要限制性因素。本文还对西藏草地营养和草地品质进行了综合评价。

关键词: 西藏, 草地, 资源, 产草量, 评价

Abstract: There are about 82 million hectares of various rangelands in Xizang (Tibet), accounting for one fifth of the total grassland area in China, is 23o times of its cultivated land and 11 times of different kinds of woodland and shrubland.The main component of range in Xizang is alpine rangeland distributed in the sub -frigid and frigid zones, composed of small sedge and short grasses, and used as grazing rangeland only.The forage yield of the Xizang range is the lowest and the area of hardly to be used is the largest in China.But there is no mowing grassland in Xizang.The area of grazing range for clod season is small, but the using period is long and the carrying capacity is low too.The warm season range is large in area and the using period is short.The unbalanced carrying capacity is the main limited factor for the development of animal husbadry productivity in Xizang.

Key words: Xizang (Tibet), Rangeland, Resource yield, Forage, Evaluation