黄土区典型人工林草本层生态恢复效应

›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 79-86.

黄土区典型人工林草本层生态恢复效应

高阳¹, 程积民^1,2, 赵钰³, 苏纪帅¹

1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 中科院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
3. 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2012-07-15 修回日期:2012-10-25 出版日期:2013-02-15 发布日期:2013-02-27
通讯作者: 程积民
作者简介:高阳(1985-),女,河北保定人,博士研究生,研究方向为旱区草地生态,E-mail:gaoyang2302@126.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"(XDA05050202);国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(200904056);国家重点实验室基金(10502-Z8)资助

Ecological Restoration Effect of Herbage under Five Typical Plantations in the Loess Region

GAO Yang¹, CHENG Ji-min^1,2, ZHAO Yu³, SU Ji-shuai¹

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
3. College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China

Received:2012-07-15 Revised:2012-10-25 Online:2013-02-15 Published:2013-02-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择黄土区典型人工林树种小叶杨(Populus simonii)、白榆(Ulmus pumila)、青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)、华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii)和刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia),分析林下草本层的物种组成、多样性、数量特征和稳定性,通过比较人工林林下草本与对应天然草地,综合评价不同人工林林下草本生态恢复效应。结果表明:各人工林样点与对照草地的优势种显著不同,人工林样点林下草本层以禾本科植物为优势种,而对应天然草地多以多年生菊科为优势物种。除白榆样点外,其他4个样点的林下草本各类植物组成与对照草地相近,均表现为其他科>禾本科>豆科;白榆样点林下草本数量特征与对照无显著差异,但低于其他样点。刺槐和华北落叶松林下草地的生物量显著低于对照(P<0.05);对照草地物种多样性和丰富度高于人工林,但二者均匀度差异不显著;各人工林样点的稳定性参数均与稳定值20/80相差较远,说明人工林草本层群落还未达到稳定。综合评价表明,白榆和刺槐样点的生态恢复性高于其他样点。经过近40年生态恢复,调查区人工林林下草本层仍未达到对照草地水平,有待采取相应管理措施促进人工林林分草本植物的恢复。

关键词: 人工林, 物种组成与多样性, 数量特征, 群落稳定性

Abstract: In order to evaluate the restoration effect of herbages in different plantations and provide theoretical reference for the development of planted forest systems, five typical planted tree species of loess region (including Populus simonii, Ulmus pumila, Picea crassifolia, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii and Robinia pseudoacacia) were investigated. Species composition and diversity, quantitative characteristics (biomass, density, species number, cover and height) and stability of herbal plant in five tested plantations were analyzed. The dominant herb species was Gramineae in plantations, whereas the dominant species was Compositae in control grasslands. Except U. pumila plantation, the other four tested plantations shared similar species composition. Herbage biomass, density, height in U. pumila plot were lower than that in other tested plots, but there was no significant difference compared with that in control grassland. The biomass of herbal plants in L. gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii and R. pseudoacacia plots were significant lower than that in control plots. Control had higher species diversity and abundance, but no significantly different evenness compared to five tested plantations. Stability parameters of all tested plots were far from the stable value of 20/80. To conclude, U. pumila and R. pseudoacacia plots had higher ecological restorative effects than other plots. These results suggested intermediate management protocols should be conducted to promote the herbage ecological restoration and a healthy development of plantation systems at this region.

Key words: Plantation, Species composition and diversity, Quantity characteristics, Community stability

中图分类号:

Q142
X171.4

高阳, 程积民, 赵钰, 苏纪帅. 黄土区典型人工林草本层生态恢复效应[J]. , 2013, 21(1): 79-86.

GAO Yang, CHENG Ji-min, ZHAO Yu, SU Ji-shuai. Ecological Restoration Effect of Herbage under Five Typical Plantations in the Loess Region[J]. , 2013, 21(1): 79-86.

参考文献

[1] 国家林业局. 2011中国林业基本情况[R]. 北京, 2012
[2] FAO. State of the world s forests[R]. Rome, 2011
[3] 孙颖,王得祥,张浩,等. 宁夏森林生态系统服务功能的价值研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(12):91-97
[4] Scowcroft P G, Haraguchi J E, Fujii D M. Understory structure in a 23-year-old Acacia koa forest and 2-year growth responses to silvicultural treatments [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(8):1604-1617
[5] 刘庆,尹华军,程新颖,等. 中国人工林生态系统的可持续更新问题与对策[J]. 世界林业研究,2010,23(1):71-75
[6] 李勉,姚文艺,李占斌. 黄土高原草本植被水土保持作用研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展,2005,15(1):68-74
[7] 胡相明,程积民,万惠娥. 黄土丘陵区人工林下草本层植物的结构特征[J]. 水土保持通报,2006,26(3):41-45
[8] 李建东,杨允菲. 松嫩平原榆树疏林植物组分的结构型[J]. 草地学报,2003,11(4):277-282
[9] 周择福,王延平,张光灿. 五台山林区典型人工林群落物种多样性研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2005,25(2):321-327
[10] 赵发珠,韩新辉,杨改河,等. 陕北典型退耕还林区林下草本物种生态位研究[J]. 西北植物学报,2011,31(10):2090-2099
[11] Marshall J M, Buckley D S. Influence of litter removal and mineral soil disturbance on the spread of an invasive grass in a Central Hardwood forest [J]. Biological Invasions,2008,10(4):531-538
[12] Fraterrigo J M, Pearson S M, Turner M G. The response of understory herbaceous plants to nitrogen fertilization in forests of different land-use history [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2009,257(10):2182-2188
[13] 徐秀梅. 宁夏大罗山主要植被类型植物物种多样性分析[J]. 宁夏农学院学报,1997,18(3):39-46
[14] 刘延惠,王彦辉,于澎涛,等. 六盘山主要植被类型的生物量及其分配[J]. 林业科学研究,2011,24(4):443-452
[15] 张金屯. 数量生态学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004:96
[16] 李育中. 植物群落稳定性的一种测定方法[J].中国草地学报, 1999,21(2):78-封三
[17] 王黎黎,张克斌,程中秋,等. 围栏封育对半干旱区植物群落稳定性的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(5):86-90
[18] 张法伟,李跃清,李英年,等. 高寒草甸不同功能群植被盖度对模拟气候变化的短期响应[J]. 草业学报,2010,19(6):72-78
[19] 王育松,上官铁梁. 关于重要值计算的若干问题[J]. 山西大学学报:自然科学版,2010,33(2):312-316
[20] 曾慧卿,刘琪璟,冯宗炜,等. 红壤丘陵区林下灌木生物量估算模型的建立及其应用[J]. 应用生态学报,2007,18(10):2185-2190
[21] Koukoura Z, Kyriazopoulos A. Adaptation of herbaceous plant species in the understorey of Pinus brutia [J]. Agroforestry Systems,2007,70(2):11-16
[22] 潘开文,刘照光. 连香树人工幼林群落营养元素含量、积累分配和循环[J]. 林业科学,2001,37(2):1-12
[23] Kavvadias V A, Alifragis D, Tsiontsis A, et al. Litterfall, litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece [J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2001,144(1/3):113-127
[24] 胡蓉,林波,刘庆,等. 林窗与凋落物对人工云杉林早期更新的影响[J]. 林业科学,2011,47(6):23-29
[25] 潘开文,何静,吴宁. 森林凋落物对林地微生境的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2004,15(1):153-158
[26] 张象君,王庆成,郝龙飞,等. 长白落叶松人工林林隙间伐对林下更新及植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学,2011,47(8):7-13
[27] Kirchner K, Kathke S, Bruelheide H. The interaction of gap age and microsite for herb layer species in a near-natural spruce forest [J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,2011,22(1):85-95
[28] 夏富才,潘春芳,赵秀海,等. 长白山原始阔叶红松林林下草本植物[J]. 西北植物学报,2012,32(2):370-376
[29] 段亚萍,王洁,郭建英,等. 不同覆盖度沙棘对林下草本植被的修复效果研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2012,40(12):7213-7215
[30] 韩景军,肖文发,郭泉水,等. 西藏林芝县林芝云杉幼林更新与物种多样性指数研究[J]. 林业科学,2002,38(5):166-168
[31] 张艳华,聂绍荃,王志西.林隙对草本植物的影响[J]. 植物研究,1999,19(1):94-99
[32] 秦晓威,李刚,王得祥,等. 林隙对太白山牛皮桦-巴山冷杉混交林内草本植物多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2494-2500
[33] 何艺玲,傅懋毅. 人工林林下植被的研究现状[J]. 林业科学研究,2002,15(6):727-733
[34] 崔鸿侠,张卓文,李振芳. 巴东县不同森林类型林下灌草和凋落物水文效应研究[J]. 水土保持研究,2007,14(5):203-205