草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 919-923.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.05.001

• 前沿研究 •    下一篇

基于高寒草地放牧系统次级生产力的优化放牧强度研究

董全民1, 赵新全2, 李世雄1, 施建军1, 王彦龙1, 郑伟1, 候宪宽1, 宋磊1   

  1. 1. 青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-23 修回日期:2014-03-06 出版日期:2014-10-15 发布日期:2014-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵新全
  • 作者简介:董全民（1972-），男，甘肃天水人，博士，研究员，主要从事草地放牧生态及青藏高原“黑土型”退化草地的恢复与重建工作，E-mail：qmDong@qhmky.com；
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然基金项目（30960074）（31370469）；青海省自然基金项目（2012-Z-906）资助

Study on Optimal Grazing Intensity Based on the Secondary Productivity of Alpine Grassland Grazing System

DONG Quan-min1, ZHAO Xin-quan2, LI Shi-xiong1, SHI Jian-jun1, WANG Yan-long1, ZHENG Wei1, HOU Xian-kuai1, SONG Lei1   

  1. 1. Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China
  • Received:2013-12-23 Revised:2014-03-06 Online:2014-10-15 Published:2014-09-30

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摘要：

依据小嵩草（Kobresia parva）高寒草甸和垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）/星星草（Puccinellia tenuflora）高寒混播人工草地牦牛放牧系统、紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）高寒草原藏系绵羊放牧系统中草地次级生产力（家畜增重）的试验数据，构建了放牧家畜个体增重与放牧强度之间的模型：Y=a-bX（b>0），以此为基础确定了单位面积草地次级生产力（家畜增重）与放牧强度之间的数学模型：Y=aX-bX2（b>0）；计算出各放牧系统最大生产力放牧强度：高寒草甸冷季和暖季草场分别是1.68头·hm-2和2.52头·hm-2，高寒人工草地牧草生长季为7.23头·hm-2，高寒草原冷季、暖季和全年连续放牧草场分别是4.33，6.45，2.36只·hm-2。

关键词: 高寒草地放牧系统, 牦牛, 藏羊, 单位面积增重, 最佳放牧强度

Abstract:

According to the experimental data of grassland secondary productivity in Kobrecia parva alpine meadow and Elymus nutans/Puccinellia tenuflora alpine mixture sowing cultivated grassland yak grazing system as well as Stipa purpurea alpine steppe Tibetan sheep grazing system, naive model between grazing animal live-weight gain and grazing intensity Y=a-bX(b>0)was built, and mathematical model between the grassland secondary productivity (animal live-weight gain ) of unit area and grazing intensity Y=aX-bX2(b>0)was made certain based on naive model Y=a-bX(b>0). And then the maximal productivity grazing intensities (optimal grazing intensity) of tested grazing systems were calculated. The optimal grazing intensities of growing season in alpine cultivated grassland, cool- and warm-season pastures in alpine meadow were 7.23 yaks·hm-2, 1.68 yaks·hm-2 and 2.52 yaks·hm-2, respectively. The optimal grazing intensities of cool-season pasture, warm-season pasture and whole year grazing pasture in alpine steppe were 4.33, 6.45 and 2.36 sheeps·hm-2, respectively.

Key words: Alpine grassland grazing system, Yak, Tibetan sheep, Live-weight gain, Optimal grazing intensity

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