草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 602-610.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.03.011

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作对蚕豆根系生长及根际土壤有机碳动态的影响

冯军, 赵琳璐, 熊瑛, 王龙昌, 门胜男, 侯爽, 段美春   

  1. 西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点 实验室, 四川 重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-16 修回日期:2018-05-03 出版日期:2018-06-15 发布日期:2018-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 王龙昌
  • 作者简介:冯军(1982-),女,重庆人,博士研究生,主要从事农业资源高效利用研究,E-mail:2565566364@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503127）；国家自然科学基金项目（31271673）资助

Dynamics of Root Development of Broad Bean and Soil Organic Carbon in Rhizosphere under Conservation Tillage

FENG Jun, ZHAO Lin-lu, XIONG Ying, WANG Long-chang, MENG Sheng-nan, HOU Shuang, DUAN Mei-chun   

  1. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, Sichuan Province 400715, China
  • Received:2018-01-16 Revised:2018-05-03 Online:2018-06-15 Published:2018-08-24

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摘要：

依托西南紫色土丘陵区坡耕地长期定位试验，采用传统平作（T）、垄作（R）、传统平作+秸秆半量覆盖（TS1）、垄作+秸秆半量覆盖（RS1）、传统平作+秸秆全量覆盖（TS2）、垄作+秸秆全量覆盖（RS2）6个处理，研究保护性耕作对蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）根系生长动态、土壤环境及根际土壤有机碳动态的影响。结果表明：保护性耕作能显著影响蚕豆根系生长发育。秸秆覆盖在平作和垄作下均能提高蚕豆根系生物量、单株根长度、根总表面积和根平均直径，各指标总趋势表现为：T < TS1 < TS2，R < RS1 < RS2。同时，相对于传统平作（T），秸秆覆盖可以提高蚕豆生育后期根系呼吸速率，而垄作（R）和垄作+秸秆可降低土壤呼吸速率。保护性耕作措施较传统平作（T）表现出明显的有机碳积累优势。TS2和RS2处理的水溶性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon，DOC）含量和颗粒态有机碳（particulate organic carbon，POC）含量均显著高于传统平作（T），而TS1和RS1处理与之相比差异不显著。TS1、RS1、TS2、RS2均可以显著增加根际微生物碳（microbial biomass carbon，MBC）含量，且TS2、RS2的增幅大于TS1、RS1。TS2和RS2的根际土壤矿化强度显著低于传统平作（T）。因此，秸秆覆盖+垄作的保护性耕作措施有利于改善土壤微环境，促进作物生长，具有良好的农田综合效应。

关键词: 垄作, 秸秆覆盖, 蚕豆, 根系生长, 土壤环境, 根际土壤有机碳组分

Abstract:

Based on a long-term experiment on conservation tillage systems, this research was conducted with 6 treatments including conventional tillage (T), ridge tillage (R), conventional tillage with half amount of straw mulching (TS1), ridge tillage with half amount of straw mulching (RS1), conventional tillage with full amount of straw mulching (TS2) and ridge tillage with full amount of straw mulching (RS2), to study the effects of different conservation tillage systems on the root development, soil environment, and soil organic carbon of broad bean rhizosphere. The results showed that:conservation tillage could have an impact on the root growth of broad bean. Straw mulching treatment on the both conditions of (T) and (R) could improve the root biomass, root length, root surface area and root average diameter, the order of control results from the high to lower was as follow:TS2 > TS1 > T, RS2 > RS1 > R. Straw mulching could heighten the soil aspiration at later growth period of broad bean. However, straw mulching with ridge tillage treatment could decrease the soil aspiration of the whole growth period. Conservation tillage showed a significant advantage of organic carbon accumulation. Compared with (T), DOC content and POC content in rhizosphere soil were higher under TS2 and RS2 treatment, however, TS1 and RS1 did not show a significant difference. MBC content in rhizosphere soil were higher under TS1, RS1, TS2 and RS2 than (T). Especially the treatment of TS2 and RS2 showed a significant increment compares TS1 and RS1. Mineralization intensity of SOC under the treatment of TS2 and RS2 was lower than (T). The result indicated that straw mulching with ridge tillage treatments would improve the soil micro environment and good affection for agriculture production.

Key words: Ridge tillage, Straw mulching, Broad bean, Root growth, Soil environment, Rhizosphere soil organic carbon

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