草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 3505-3514.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.11.003

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

可可西里典型高寒草地植被群落特征及野生食草动物承载力

刘宏金1,2, 郝佳慧1,2,3, 许显莉1,2,3, 罗崇亮1,2, 徐世晓1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海三江源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01 修回日期:2025-02-17 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 徐世晓,E-mail:sxxu@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:刘宏金(1990-),男,汉族,河南南阳人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事动物营养与微生物生态相关研究,E-mail:liuhj@nwipb.cas.cn;郝佳慧(1997-),女,汉族,山西汾阳人,博士研究生,主要从事动物肠道微生物生态相关研究,E-mail:hjh970102@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省自然科学基金项目(2022-ZJ-943Q);三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2023-02);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目资助

Vegetation Community Characteristics and Carrying Capacity of Wild Herbivores of Typical Alpine Grassland in Hoh Xil

LIU Hong-jin1,2, HAO Jia-hui1,2,3, XU Xian-li1,2,3, LUO Chong-liang1,2, XU Shi-xiao1,2   

  1. 1. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 81008, China;
    2. Qinghai Sanjiangyuan grassland ecosystem national field scientific observation and research station, Xining, Qinghai Province 81008, China;
    3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
  • Received:2024-11-01 Revised:2025-02-17 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-13

摘要: 本研究通过对可可西里4类典型高寒草地植被群落特征及营养供给状态的测定,核算了暖季牧草产量承载力、可消化粗蛋白承载力和代谢能承载力,以期为野生食草动物种群恢复提供数据支撑。结果显示:牧草干物质、可消化蛋白和代谢能单位面积营养物质输出量西藏嵩草和高山嵩草草甸显著高于紫花针茅和青藏薹草草原(P<0.01);牧草可消化蛋白和代谢能承载力西藏嵩草和高山嵩草草甸显著高于紫花针茅和青藏薹草草原(P<0.01);紫花针茅草原、青藏薹草草原、高山嵩草草甸和西藏嵩草草甸合理产量承载力分别为0.12,0.13,0.17和0.28 animals·hm-2,可消化蛋白承载力分别为0.38,0.33,0.55和0.79 animals·hm-2,代谢能承载力分别为0.21,0.22,0.29和0.46 animals·hm-2。结果表明,该区域承载野生食草动物数量远低于合理承载力,建议应加大生态保护力度,持续做好野生动物种群恢复工作。

关键词: 可可西里, 典型高寒草地, 植被群落特征, 野生食草动物, 天然草地承载力

Abstract: To measuring the vegetation community characteristics and nutrient supply state of four typical alpine grasslands in Hoh Xil, this study calculated the biomass carrying capacity, digestible crude protein carrying capacity and metabolic energy carrying capacity of herbage in warm season to provide data support for the recovery of wild herbivores. The results showed that the output of dry matter, digestible protein and metabolisable energy per unit area were significantly higher in Tibet Kobresia and Alpine Kobresia meadows than Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcroftii steppes (P<0.01). Additionally, the forage digestible protein and metabolic energy carrying capacities in Tibet Kobresia and Alpine Kobresia were significantly higher than Stipa purpurea and Carex moorcroftii steppes as well (P<0.01). Moreover, the sustainable wild herbivores carrying capacities (in terms of individuals per hectare) in Stipa purpurea steppe, Carex moorcroftii steppe, Alpine Kobresia meadow, and Tibet Kobresia meadow were as follows: 0.12, 0.13, 0.17 and 0.28 heads for quantity carrying capacity; 0.38, 0.33, 0.55 and 0.79 for digestible protein carrying capacity; and 0.21, 0.22, 0.29 and 0.46 for MECC, respectively. Considering the total area of each grassland type in Hoh Xil and the current wild herbivore population, the grasslands were significantly underutilized regarding their carrying capacity. We recommend that societal efforts should be strengthened to protect the region’s ecology and continue restoration initiatives for wild animal populations.

Key words: Hoh Xil, Typical alpine grassland, Vegetation community characteristics, Wild herbivores, Carrying capacity of natural grassland

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