草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1544-1556.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

基于MaxEnt模型的天山雪莲适宜分布区预测及影响因素分析

邵倩影1,2, 阿里木江·卡斯木1, 包安明2,3, 王建成2, 师玮2, 赵金2,3   

  1. 1. 新疆师范大学, 地理科学与旅游学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054;
    2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    3. 新疆维吾尔自治区遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2024-10-07 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 赵金,E-mail:zhaojin@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:邵倩影(1997-),女,汉族,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要从事资源环境遥感方向研究,E-mail:928819215@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(天山雪莲和新疆沙冬青的调查评估)(2019QZKK05020207);新疆北部重点保护野生植物调查项目(DZXJZB2022039);巴州野生植物资源本底调查项目(DZXJZB2024059);国家任务/基地与人才专项/第三次新疆科考项目:空天地网一体化综合科考监测体系建设(2021xjkk1400)资助

The Prediction of Suitable Area and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Saussurea involucrata Based on the MaxEnt Model

SHAO Qian-ying1,2, KASIMU Alimujiang1, BAO An-ming2,3, WANG Jian-cheng2, SHI Wei2, ZHAO Jin2,3   

  1. 1. College of Geographic Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830054, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS Applications, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830011, China
  • Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2024-10-07 Published:2025-05-20

摘要: 探究气候变化对天山雪莲(Saussurea involucrata)潜在分布的影响,并预测其在未来情景下的分布格局,对制定其保护策略至关重要。本研究选取28个环境因子和39个分布点,基于MaxEnt模型对新疆天山雪莲的适生区进行预测,涵盖当前(1970—2000年)和未来(2041—2070年、2071—2100年)时期,并在三种温室气体排放情景(SSP126,SSP370和SSP585)下进行模拟。结果表明:当前气候条件下,天山雪莲的总适生区面积为10.71×104 km2,主要分布在阿尔泰山、天山、博格达峰和托木尔峰;最暖季月平均降水量150~200 mm,土壤类型为薄层土、冰川、淋溶土,海拔2800~3800 m,归一化植被指数0.03~0.7和坡度50°~73°时适宜天山雪莲的生长,这5种因子是影响其分布的关键因素;未来情景下,天山雪莲的适生区面积呈下降趋势,尤其是在SSP585情景下,高适生区面积由2.12×104 km2缩减至1.66×104 km2,但主要分布区不变。为保护天山雪莲,需监测气候变化对其生境的影响,应对未来潜在风险。

关键词: 天山雪莲, 最大熵(MaxEnt)模型, 环境变量, 潜在分布

Abstract: Exploring the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of Saussurea involucrata and predicting future scenarios is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. This study used the MaxEnt model to predict suitable habitats of Saussurea involucrata in Xinjiang through 28 environmental variables and 39 occurrence points. Predictions covered the present (1970-2000) and future periods (2041-2070 and 2071-2100), and simulated under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585). The results indicated that, under current climate condition, the total suitable habitat area of Saussurea involucrata was 107 100 km2, mainly distributing across the Altai Mountains, Tianshan, Bogda Peak, and Tomurti Peak. Suitable growth conditions included an average monthly precipitation of 150-200 mm during the warmest season, thin-layered soil, glacial soil, leached soils, an elevation range of 2800-3800 m, an NDVI of 0.03–0.7, and a slope of 50°–73°. These five factors were key constraints influencing its distribution. In future scenario, the suitable habitat area of Saussurea involucrata showed a declining trend, especially under the SSP585 scenario, where the high-suitable area shrinked from 21 200 km2 to 16 600 km2. However, the primary distribution areas remained unchange. To protect Saussurea involucrata, continuous monitoring of habitat changes and addressing potential future risks were essential.

Key words: Saussurea involucrata, MaxEnt Model, Environmental variables, Potential distribution

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