草地学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 1173-1184.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2020.05.001

• 专论与进展 •    下一篇

黄河上游草地生态现状及功能提升技术

郭婧1,2,7, 张骞1,7, 宋明华3, 师燕4, 周秉荣5, 王文颖6, 李以康1, 赵新全1, 周华坤1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海省社会科学院, 生态环境研究所, 青海 西宁 810000;
    3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
    4. 西宁市城市规划编制研究中心, 青海 西宁 810006;
    5. 青海省气象科学研究所, 青海 西宁 810001;
    6. 青海师范大学, 青海 西宁 810008;
    7. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-08 修回日期:2020-06-10 出版日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-09-19
  • 通讯作者: 周华坤
  • 作者简介:郭婧(1989-),女,青海西宁人,助理研究员,博士研究生,主要从事生态经济、环境生态学研究,E-mail:352097314@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501901);国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CJY012);青海省自然科学基金面上项目(2019-ZJ-908);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划KFJ-STS-ZDTP-056-2);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);青海省重大科技专项专题(2016-NK-A7-BA-02;2019-SF-A12;2018-SF-136);中科院泛第三极专项子子课题专题XDA2005010405;国家自然科学基金面上项目(31672475);青海省“高端创新人才千人计划”项目资助

Status and Function Improvement Technology of the Grassland Ecosystem in the Upper Yellow River Basin

GUO Jing1,2,7, ZHANG Qian1,7, SONG Ming-hua3, SHI Yan4, ZHOU Bing-rong5, WANG Wen-ying6, LI yi-kang1, ZHAO Xin-quan1, ZHOU Hua-kun1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    2. Research Department of Ecological Environment, Qinghai Academy of Social Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810000, China;
    3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    4. Bureau of Programming and Construction, Xining, Qinghai Province 810006, China;
    5. The Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    6. Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2020-05-08 Revised:2020-06-10 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-09-19

摘要: 草地生态系统不仅是自然系统重要的天然安全屏障,也是畜牧业发展的关键依托。黄河上游草地生态质量关系到整个黄河流域的生态保护和区域可持续发展。然而,近年来黄河上游草地生态环境向着不利于人类发展的方向演化,草地退化问题日趋严重,加速了土地荒漠化进程,同时引发自然灾害、河流断流等问题,制约了地区经济健康稳定的发展。本文综述了黄河上游重要水源涵养区域草地退化现状、成因和草地退化的主要特征,提出了草地生态功能提升技术模式及草地适应性管理机制,并对未来草地恢复治理新技术进行了展望,旨在为三江源、祁连山和甘南等典型水源涵养区的生态恢复和治理提供理论和技术支撑,以期对有效推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展及助力国家构建完善的生态安全体系提供科学参考。

关键词: 黄河上游, 草地, 生态现状, 功能提升, 技术模式

Abstract: Grassland ecosystem is not only an important natural security barrier of natural system,but also the key support of animal husbandry development. The ecological quality of grassland in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is related to the ecological protection and regional sustainable development of the whole Yellow River Basin. However,in recent years,the grassland ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River has evolved in a direction that is not conducive to human development. Grassland degradation has accelerated the process of land desertification. At the same time,it has caused natural disasters and river cutoff,which has restricted the healthy and stable development of regional economy. In this paper,the present situation,causes and main characteristics of grassland degradation in important water conservation areas in the upper reaches of the Yellow River were summarized. The technical model of grassland ecological function improvement and grassland adaptive management mechanism were put forward,and the new technologies of grassland restoration and management in the future were prospected. The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical and technical support for ecological restoration and governance of typical water conservation areas such as Sanjiangyuan,Qilian Mountain and Gannan,so as to provide scientific reference for effectively promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and helping the country to build a sound ecological security system.

Key words: The upper reaches of the Yellow River, Grassland, Ecological status, Function promotion, Technology pattern

中图分类号: