不同冻融条件下高寒沼泽草甸土壤碳矿化及δ13C值特征

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.010

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 478-490.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

不同冻融条件下高寒沼泽草甸土壤碳矿化及δ¹³C值特征

周祉蕴^1,2,4, 王奕钧^1,2, 章妮^1,2,4, 纪伟^1,2,4, 杜岩功³, 陈克龙^1,2,4

1. 青海师范大学地理科学学院/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008;
2. 青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008;
3. 高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海西宁 810008;
4. 国家林业和草原局青海湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 青海海北 812200

收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-06-09 发布日期:2026-01-22
通讯作者: 陈克龙，E-mail:ckl7813@163.com
作者简介:周祉蕴（1999-），女，汉族，四川德阳人，博士研究生，主要从事湿地草地学研究，E-mail:824465275@qq.com；
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0405）；青海省重点研发与转化计划（2020-QY-204）；水位上升下青海湖湖滨带生态系统变化及其对碳循环影响研究项目（2023-ZJ-905T）资助

Characteristics of Soil Carbon Mineralization and δ¹³C Values in Alpine Marsh Meadow under Different Freeze-Thaw Conditions

ZHOU Zhi-yun^1,2,4, WANG Yi-jun^1,2, ZHANG Ni^1,2,4, JI Wei^1,2,4, DU Yan-gong³, CHEN Ke-long^1,2,4

1. Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
3. Institute of Plateau Science and Sustainable Development, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
4. National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Qinghai Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Haibei, Qinghai Province 812200, China

Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-06-09 Published:2026-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同频次与强度的冻融作用对高寒沼泽草甸土壤碳矿化过程及其稳定碳同位素分馏特征的影响机制，本研究以青藏高原高寒沼泽草甸土壤为对象，设置-15~15℃（高强度）、-10~10℃（低强度）两种冻融强度（共15次冻融）及10℃对照，开展15 d室内连续监测，比较碳矿化动态及δ13C变化。结果表明：低强度冻融显著抑制碳矿化速率，使其下降7.67%；而高强度冻融则显著促进碳矿化累积量，增幅为2.70%。前3次冻融后各处理差异较小，第3次后低强度处理碳矿化增速明显放缓。不同冻融强度下δ¹³C值范围-21.49‰~-28.03‰，表现为-15~15℃>10℃>-10~10℃，且随冻融频次增加呈先降后升趋势。RDA显示，NH₄⁺-N和MBN是调控碳矿化及同位素分馏的关键因子。-15~15℃处理下δ¹³C值与NO₃^--N显著正相关；而-10~10℃处理下碳矿化速率与MBN显著负相关，与MBC/MBN显著正相关；其稳定同位素与NH₄⁺-N和MBC/MBN也显著正相关。综上，冻融强度减弱显著抑制土壤碳矿化过程并导致微生物代谢路径变化，未来需关注冻融强度持续减弱对高寒湿地碳汇功能的长期影响。

关键词: 土壤碳矿化, 稳定同位素, 冻融循环, 高寒沼泽草甸, 青海湖

Abstract: To investigate the mechanisms of the effects of different frequencies and intensities of freeze-thaw cycles on the soil carbon mineralization process and the characteristics of stable carbon isotope （δ¹³C） fractionation in alpine swamp meadows， this study focused on the soil of alpine swamp meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Two freeze-thaw intensities （-15 to 15℃ and -10 to 10℃， a total of 15 freeze-thaw cycles） and a control group at 10℃ were established. A 15-day indoor continuous monitoring experiment was conducted to compare the dynamics of carbon mineralization and changes in δ¹³C. The results showed that low-intensity freeze-thaw cycles significantly inhibited the rate of carbon mineralization， causing a decrease of 7.67%. In contrast， high-intensity freeze-thaw cycles significantly promote the cumulative carbon mineralization， with an increase of 2.70%. The differences among treatments were relatively small after the first 3 freeze-thaw cycles， but the growth rate of carbon mineralization significantly slowed down under the low-intensity treatment after the third cycle. The δ¹³C values under different freeze-thaw intensities ranged from -21.49‰ to -28.03‰， which showed -15-15℃>10℃>-10-10℃， and showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of freeze-thaw frequency. Redundancy analysis （RDA） showed that ammonium nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N） and microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） were the key factors regulating carbon mineralization and isotope fractionation. Under the -15-15℃ treatment， δ¹³C values were significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen （NO₃^--N）. In contrast， under the -10-10℃ treatment， the carbon mineralization rate was significantly negatively correlated with MBN and significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass nitrogen ratio （MBC/MBN）. Additionally， its stable isotopes were significantly positively correlated with NH₄⁺-N and MBC/MBN. Overall， the reduced freeze-thaw intensity significantly inhibits soil carbon mineralization processes and causes changes in microbial metabolic pathways. It is crucial to pay attention to the long-term impacts of the continued weakening in freeze-thaw intensity on the carbon sequestration function of alpine wetlands.

Key words: Soil carbon mineralization, Stable isotopes, Freeze-thaw cycle, Alpine swamp meadows, Qinghai Lake

周祉蕴, 王奕钧, 章妮, 纪伟, 杜岩功, 陈克龙. 不同冻融条件下高寒沼泽草甸土壤碳矿化及δ¹³C值特征[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(2): 478-490.

ZHOU Zhi-yun, WANG Yi-jun, ZHANG Ni, JI Wei, DU Yan-gong, CHEN Ke-long. Characteristics of Soil Carbon Mineralization and δ¹³C Values in Alpine Marsh Meadow under Different Freeze-Thaw Conditions[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(2): 478-490.

参考文献

[1] WANG P，LI C Q. Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in an alpine meadow：in situ monitoring of freeze-thaw cycle responses on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau[J]. Land，2025，14（2）：391
[2] RAN Y H，CHENG G D，DONG Y H，et al. Permafrost degradation increases risk and large future costs of infrastructure on the Third Pole[J]. Communications Earth & Environment，2022，3（1）：238
[3] CHEN Z，JIN Y X，SUN J，et al. A review on the impact of global warming to greenhouse gas flux in frozen ground region[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2023，31（4）：929-942 陈哲，金艳霞，孙建，等. 全球变暖对高寒冻土区温室气体通量影响研究进展[J]. 草地学报，2023，31（4）：929-942
[4] WANG C H，ZHAO W，CUI Y. Changes in the seasonally frozen ground over the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the past 60 years[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science，2020（8）：270
[5] HU T，LÜ S H，CHANG Y，et al. Analysis and prediction of permafrost changes in Qinghai-Xizang plateau by CMIP6 climate models[J]. Plateau Meteorology，2022，41（2）：363-375 胡桃，吕世华，常燕，等. CMIP6模式对青藏高原多年冻土变化的分析预估[J]. 高原气象，2022，41（2）：363-375
[6] TANG X L，FAN S H，DU M Y，et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Earth System Science Data，2020，12（2）：1037-1051
[7] BASILE-DOELSCH I，BALESDENT J，PELLERIN S. Reviews and syntheses：the mechanisms underlying carbon storage in soil[J]. Biogeosciences，2020，17（21）：5223-5242
[8] GEYER K M，KYKER-SNOWMAN E，GRANDY A S，et al. Microbial carbon use efficiency：accounting for population，community，and ecosystem-scale controls over the fate of metabolized organic matter[J]. Biogeochemistry，2016，127（2）：173-188
[9] KNOBLAUCH C，BEER C，SOSNIN A，et al. Predicting long-term carbon mineralization and trace gas production from thawing permafrost of Northeast Siberia[J]. Global Change Biology，2013，19（4）：1160-1172
[10] CHEN S S，ZANG S Y，SUN L. Characteristics of permafrost degradation in Northeast China and its ecological effects：a review[J]. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions，2020，12（1）：1-11
[11] ROONEY E C，POSSINGER A R. Climate and ecosystem factors mediate soil freeze-thaw cycles at the continental scale[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences，2024，129（12）：e2024JG008009
[12] ZHENG X Y，CHEN P，HAN J J，et al. Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil aggregates and microbial properties： A review[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2023，39（4）：1080-1088 郑昕雨，陈鹏，韩金吉，等. 冻融循环对土壤团聚体与微生物特性影响研究进展[J]. 江苏农业学报，2023，39（4）：1080-1088
[13] WANG R Z，HU X. Seasonal freeze-thaw processes impact microbial communities of soil aggregates associated with soil pores on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Ecological Processes，2024，13（1）：40
[14] WU L W，YANG F，FENG J J，et al. Permafrost thaw with warming reduces microbial metabolic capacities in subsurface soils[J]. Molecular Ecology，2022，31（5）：1403-1415
[15] TURETSKY M R，WIEDER R K，VITT D H. Boreal peatland C fluxes under varying permafrost regimes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2002，34（7）：907-912
[16] ZHANG B，LIU H M，BI X Y，et al. Effects of different moisture content and freezing temperature on organic carbon mineralization during freeze-thaw cycles in black soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2024，38（4）：55-62 张博，刘会敏，毕鑫宇，等. 不同含水量及冻结温度对黑土冻融循环过程有机碳矿化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报，2024，38（4）：55-62
[17] ZHU L，CHEN N，ZHANG X L，et al. Freeze-thaw cycle events enable the deep disintegration of biochar：Release of dissolved black carbon and its structural-dependent carbon sequestration capacity[J]. Environmental Science & Technology，2024，58（47）：20979-20989
[18] LAN H Y，GORFER M，OTGONSUREN B，et al. Growth characteristics and freezing tolerance of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi：responses to normal and freezing temperatures[J]. Forests，2025，16（2）：191
[19] MOORE T R，ROULET N T，WADDINGTON J M. Uncertainty in predicting the effect of climatic change on the carbon cycling of Canadian peatlands[J]. Climatic Change，1998，40（2）：229-245
[20] LIMPENS J，BERENDSE F，BLODAU C，et al. Peatlands and the carbon cycle：from local processes to global implications-a synthesis[J]. Biogeosciences，2008，5（5）：1475-1491
[21] NEUPANE A，LAZICKI P，MAYES M A，et al. The use of stable carbon isotopes to decipher global change effects on soil organic carbon：present status，limitations，and future prospects[J]. Biogeochemistry，2022，160（3）：315-354
[22] BAI X J，ZHAI G Q，LIU J Z. Application of ¹³c stable isotopes in plant-microbial-soil carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae，2024，60（7）：175-190 白雪娟，翟国庆，刘敬泽. ¹³C稳定同位素在陆地生态系统植物-微生物-土壤碳循环中的应用[J]. 林业科学，2024，60（7）：175-190
[23] LANGE M，EISENHAUER N，CHEN H M，et al. Increased soil carbon storage through plant diversity strengthens with time and extends into the subsoil[J]. Global Change Biology，2023，29（9）：2627-2639
[24] HAN G Z，CAO G C，CAO S K，et al. Characteristics of organic carbon δ¹³C of different sized soil particulates in the southern slope of Qilian Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology，2022，41（10）：1948-1954 汉光昭，曹广超，曹生奎，等. 祁连山南坡典型区域不同粒径土壤颗粒有机碳δ¹³C特征[J]. 生态学杂志，2022，41（10）：1948-1954
[25] LERCH T Z，NUNAN N，DIGNAC M F，et al. Variations in microbial isotopic fractionation during soil organic matter decomposition[J]. Biogeochemistry，2011，106（1）：5-21
[26] FANG Y Y，SINGH B P，COLLINS D，et al. Nutrient supply enhanced wheat residue-carbon mineralization，microbial growth，and microbial carbon-use efficiency when residues were supplied at high rate in contrasting soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2018（126）：168-178
[27] ZHANG C C，ZHOU C Z，BURNAP R L，et al. Carbon/nitrogen metabolic balance：lessons from cyanobacteria[J]. Trends in Plant Science，2018，23（12）：1116-1130
[28] WEN X L，ZHOU Y C，LIANG X L，et al. A novel carbon-nitrogen coupled metabolic pathway promotes the recyclability of nitrogen in composting habitats[J]. Bioresource Technology，2023（381）：129134
[29] LIU W D，LI X W. Characteristics and influencing factors of stipa leaf carbon stable isotope in Ningxia[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2022，30（8）：2058-2065 刘万弟，李小伟. 宁夏针茅属植物叶片碳稳定同位素特征及其影响因素[J]. 草地学报，2022，30（8）：2058-2065
[30] WEI C C，LI Y L，YANG P L，et al. Variable soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization dynamics under freeze-thaw and constant temperature with brackish water irrigation[J]. Irrigation Science，2025，43（3）：549-561
[31] KONG Y H，GONG S S，ZHU L F，et al. Dynamics of soil N₂O and CO₂ emissions in response to freeze-thaw intensity and moisture variations：a laboratory experiment[J]. Forests，2025，16（3）：380
[32] WANG G X，QIAN J，CHENG G D，et al. Soil organic carbon pool of grassland soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its global implication[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2002，291（3）：207-217
[33] KOPONEN H T，JAAKKOLA T，KEINÄNEN-TOIVOLA M M，et al. Microbial communities，biomass，and activities in soils as affected by freeze thaw cycles[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2006，38（7）：1861-1871
[34] HERRMANN A，WITTER E. Sources of C and N contributing to the flush in mineralization upon freeze-thaw cycles in soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2002，34（10）：1495-1505
[35] JI X M，LIU M H，YANG J L，et al. Meta-analysis of the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on soil microbial diversity and C and N dynamics[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2022（168）：108608
[36] GAO D C，LIU Z P，BAI E. Effects of in situ freeze-thaw cycles on winter soil respiration in mid-temperate plantation forests[J]. Science of The Total Environment，2021（793）：148567
[37] GARCIA-PAUSAS J，ROMANYÀ J，MONTANÉ F，et al. High mountain conservation in a changing world[M]. Cham：Springer International Publishing，2017：207-230
[38] SOVEIZI N，LATIFI A M，MEHRABIAN S，et al. Bacterial ice nucleation proteins：features，structure，and applications[J]. Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports，2023，10（3）：1041-1054
[39] YANG Y，CHENG S L，FANG H J，et al. Linkages between the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter and soil microbial community in a boreal forest during freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology，2023（13）：1012512
[40] KUMAR N，GROGAN P，CHU H Y，et al. The effect of freeze-thaw conditions on Arctic soil bacterial communities[J]. Biology，2013，2（1）：356-377
[41] WIPF S，SOMMERKORN M，STUTTER M I，et al. Snow cover，freeze-thaw，and the retention of nutrients in an oceanic mountain ecosystem[J]. Ecosphere，2015，6（10）：1-16
[42] CONGREVES K A，WAGNER-RIDDLE C，SI B C，et al. Nitrous oxide emissions and biogeochemical responses to soil freezing-thawing and drying-wetting[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2018（117）：5-15
[43] SORENSEN P O，FINZI A C，GIASSON M A，et al. Winter soil freeze-thaw cycles lead to reductions in soil microbial biomass and activity not compensated for by soil warming[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2018（116）：39-47
[44] ENGQVIST M K. Correlating enzyme annotations with a large set of microbial growth temperatures reveals metabolic adaptations to growth at diverse temperatures[J]. BMC Microbiology，2018，18（1）：177
[45] GAO D C，BAI E，YANG Y，et al. A global meta-analysis on freeze-thaw effects on soil carbon and phosphorus cycling[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2021（159）：108283
[46] BIMÜLLER C，KREYLING O，KÖLBL A，et al. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization in hierarchically structured aggregates of different size[J]. Soil and Tillage Research，2016（160）：23-33
[47] SUN X D，YE Y Q，MA Q X，et al. Variation in enzyme activities involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling in rhizosphere and bulk soil after organic mulching[J]. Rhizosphere，2021（19）：100376
[48] LI F，ZANG S Y，LIU Y N，et al. Effect of freezing-thawing cycle on soil active organic carbon fractions and enzyme activities in the wetland of Sanjiang Plain，Northeast China[J]. Wetlands，2020，40（1）：167-177
[49] BAI J H，GAO H F，XIAO R，et al. A review of soil nitrogen mineralization as affected by water and salt in coastal wetlands：issues and methods[J]. CLEAN-Soil，Air，Water，2012，40（10）：1099-1105
[50] SCHIMEL J P，WEINTRAUB M N. The implications of exoenzyme activity on microbial carbon and nitrogen limitation in soil：a theoretical model[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2003，35（4）：549-563

不同冻融条件下高寒沼泽草甸土壤碳矿化及δ¹³C值特征

Characteristics of Soil Carbon Mineralization and δ¹³C Values in Alpine Marsh Meadow under Different Freeze-Thaw Conditions

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	布仁其其格, 叶国辉, 陈国康, 孙珊珊, 李鑫, 杨文蕾, 付和平, 袁帅. 气候因子对五趾跳鼠体重和肌肉组织碳氮稳定同位素的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(1): 163-171.
[2]	刘振梅, 曹生奎, 侯瑶芳, 雷义珍, 王江, 裴若颖, 丁辰深. 青海湖流域草地土壤碳氮含量及密度空间分布特征研究[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(1): 203-216.
[3]	王雪韧, 姚佳, 张普河, 王伟妮, 刘长涛, 赵世翔. 荒漠草原土壤碳分布特征及有机碳向无机碳酸盐的转移[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(7): 2219-2226.
[4]	王江, 曹生奎, 刘振梅, 雷义珍, 侯瑶芳. 青海湖流域生态系统碳汇时空格局动态研究[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(3): 936-947.
[5]	马群, 白炜, 牟国旭, 陈梦佳, 马若冰, 王一博. 增温对高寒沼泽草甸土壤团聚体稳定性及碳氮含量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(2): 547-555.
[6]	张小芳, 张春平, 董全民, 霍丽安, 童永尚, 张雪, 杨增增, 俞旸, 曹铨. 环青海湖地区多年生栽培草地土壤真菌群落结构特征[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(9): 2803-2815.
[7]	周祉蕴, 王奕钧, 杨艳丽, 杜岩功, 陈克龙. 脉冲降水和凋落物对温性草原土壤碳矿化激发效应的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(3): 879-888.
[8]	赵浩然, 曹生奎, 雷义珍, 陈链璇, 李文斌, 康利刚. 青海湖流域生态系统水分利用效率时空特征及驱动分析[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(11): 3554-3566.
[9]	李宏宇, 高翠萍, 吕广一, 杨昌祥, 张春英, 王成杰. 放牧、氮添加对荒漠草原植物和土壤碳氮的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(1): 239-247.
[10]	李星玥, 杜岩功, 陈克龙, 杨紫唯. 青海湖流域南岸温性草原CO₂排放特征对模拟降雨变化的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(8): 2496-2504.
[11]	童永尚, 张春平, 俞旸, 曹铨, 董全民, 杨增增, 张雪, 张小芳, 霍丽安, 李彩弟. 环青海湖地区多年生禾草的混播效应[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(7): 2203-2209.
[12]	朱琨, 方志坚, 李帅, 王巍, 李波. 冻融及盐碱双重胁迫对苜蓿幼苗营养器官矿质离子吸收及运输的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(6): 1818-1825.
[13]	李彩弟, 张春平, 俞旸, 杨晓霞, 杨增增, 冯斌, 张小芳, 刘玉祯, 魏琳娜, 孙彩彩, 董全民. 种植方式对青海湖流域人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(2): 471-478.
[14]	杨文丹, 赵秋梅, 翟泰雅, 何燕, 毛天旭, 张涛. 水热互作对多年冻土区高寒沼泽草甸土壤温室气体排放的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(11): 3423-3435.
[15]	刘万弟, 李小伟. 宁夏针茅属植物叶片碳稳定同位素特征及其影响因素[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(8): 2058-2065.