Abstract:

We covered the cut grass on the ridge in the apple orchard, where there was the ridge, furrow and inter-planted grass, and determined the water content, the microorganism amount, the activities of the enzymes and the fertility of the soil in the furrow. The result showed, compared with the control, there was a trend of the increase for all index of covering grass, including the amount of the total microorganism, the bacteria, the fungi and the actinomycetes, the activity of the urease, the sucrase and the catalase, the content of the organic matter, the total and available N, P, K in the furrow soil. And the effect was more obvious in the shallow soil. Covering grass on the ridge significantly improved the characteristics of the 0~40 cm soil, but did not have significant effect on the 40~60 cm soil. In conclusion, the inter-planted grass was a kind of the good material for covering. It could improve the soil characteristics and increased the soil water content and the fertility in the furrow. And covering grass was an effective way to use the orchard grass.

Key words: Apple orchard, Ridging, Grass covering, Soil fertility, Microorganism, Enzyme activity

摘要：

在起垄种草苹果园中,将果园牧草刈割后覆盖在垄上,研究牧草覆盖后对垄沟0~60 cm土壤中水分含量、微生物数量、土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与未覆盖牧草相比,垄上覆盖牧草后,垄沟中土壤水分含量提高,土壤微生物总数、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性增加,土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K也均有不同程度的增加。而这种差异以浅层土壤较明显,覆盖牧草后显著改善了垄沟0~40 cm的土壤特性(P < 0.05),对40~60 cm土壤无显著影响。说明果园刈割牧草可作为一种较好的覆盖材料,将其覆盖垄上可改善垄沟中土壤特性、提高土壤含水量和肥力,是果园牧草的一种有效利用方式。

关键词: 苹果园, 起垄, 牧草覆盖, 土壤肥力, 微生物, 酶活性