The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.03.001

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 519-530.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.03.001

The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

FU Jing-jing¹, GUO Ya-zhou¹, HUANG Wen-ying², GUO Rong¹, LU Hao¹, WU Chen-chen¹, ZHAO Bao-yu^1,2

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shanxi province 712100, China;
2. Qinghai Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Xining, Qinghai province 810001, China

Received:2019-01-14 Revised:2019-05-17 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-07-19

疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望

浮晶晶¹, 郭亚洲¹, 黄文颖², 郭蓉¹, 路浩¹, 吴晨晨¹, 赵宝玉^1,2

1. 西北农林科技大学动物医学院中国西部有毒植物研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 青海省动物疫病预防控制中心, 青海西宁 810001

通讯作者: 赵宝玉
作者简介:浮晶晶(1994-),女,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物中毒病与毒理学研究,E-mail:1358958334@qq.com
基金资助:
农业部“十二五”公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203062）资助

Abstract

Abstract: Locoweed refers specifically to a kind of poisonous grasses containing swainsonine,which cause chronic neurological dysfunction and animal crazy symptoms after eating,and the poisoning caused by it is called locoism,mainly distributing in the western United States. In recent years,the area of locoweed in China has been increasing,and its harm degree exceeds that of snow disaster and epidemic disease. It has become a serious poisonous grass which endangers the sustainable development of animal husbandry in western China.Since the end of the 19th century,the USA has been studying the biology,ecology,toxicology and animal poisoning of locoweed. It is the first country in the world to research on locoweed. It has rich experience in dealing with the prevention and control of grassland locoweed disaster. The level of the locoweed`s research in China is far behind USA. In this paper,the research history,species and distribution,the situation of the toxicity disaster,toxicology and prevention and treatments of locoweeds in American natural grassland were summarized to provide reference for the research on the pathogenic mechanism and disaster prevention and control of locoweed poisoning in China.

Key words: Locoweed, Poisoning, Poisonous weeds, Natural grassland, Prevention and Control, America

摘要： 疯草专门指含苦马豆素、采食后引起慢性神经机能障碍、表现发疯样症状的一类毒草，由此所致中毒称为疯草病，主要分布在美国西部。近年来我国疯草面积不断增大，危害程度超过雪灾和疫病，已经成为危害我国西部草原畜牧业可持续发展的严重毒草。美国从19世纪末就开始疯草生物学、生态学、毒理学及其动物中毒病研究，是世界上率先开展疯草研究的国家，在应对草地疯草灾害防控方面具有丰富经验。我国天然草地疯草研究起步晚，与美国有很大差距。本文就美国天然草地疯草的研究历史、种类分布、灾害状况、毒理学和疯草防治技术等方面的进展进行归纳总结，旨在为我国天然草地疯草中毒病的致病机制和灾害防控技术研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 疯草, 中毒, 毒草, 天然草地, 防控, 美国

CLC Number:

S545

FU Jing-jing, GUO Ya-zhou, HUANG Wen-ying, GUO Rong, LU Hao, WU Chen-chen, ZHAO Bao-yu. The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(3): 519-530.

浮晶晶, 郭亚洲, 黄文颖, 郭蓉, 路浩, 吴晨晨, 赵宝玉. 疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(3): 519-530.

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The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望

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[2]	WANG Sen-sen, JIA Hong-ding, ZHANG Zhi-fei, HU Long-xing, CHEN Gui-hua. Competitive Effects between Invasive Plant Phytolacca americana and three Forage Species [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(1): 95-102.
[3]	YU Lu, WANG Xun, CHAI Sha-tuo, LIU Shu-jie. Application of BP Neural Network in Natural Grassland Yield Estimation in the Area Around Qinghai Lake [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(5): 1427-1435.
[4]	CUI Xia, XU Gang, GAO Shi-wen, WEI Yu-qing, MA Xue-ni. Status and Characteristics of Range Science Undergraduate Programs in the United States [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(4): 881-888.
[5]	HUANG Mei, SHANG Zhan-huan. Research Progress on Poisonous Weeds Treatment Technology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(5): 1107-1116.
[6]	XU Song-he, SHANG Zhang-huan. The Three-stage Species Niche and Reproductive Characteristics of Poisonous Weeds in the three-stages of the Secondary Vegetation's Formation of ‘bare land’ degraded grassland in the Three Rivers Source region, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(4): 949-955.
[7]	ZHANG Fan-fan, YU Xiao-xia, DUAN Hong-wei, YU lei, ZHANG Wen-ju. The Near Infrared Spectrum Analysis of the Main Mixed Herbage Nutrition in Natural Grassland,Shaertao Mountain,Xinjiang [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(3): 661-667.
[8]	FENG Zhao-jia, YANG Shuo, CHEN Jun, YAN Yan, WEI Tao-shu, REN Rong-rong, BAI Hui-min. Application of Power Law Model in the Study of Spatial Distribution of Different Types of Natural Grasslands Under Small Scale [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(5): 1132-1139.
[9]	ZHAO Shi-jiao, ZHAO Hong-yang, GAO Dan, ZHANG Shui-ping, LU hao, WU Chen-chen, ZHAO Bao-yu. The Investigation of Toxic Plants in Natural Grassland in Changdu of Tibet [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(6): 1389-1392.
[10]	ZHANG Jiao-jiao, LIU Pei-pei, LI Xiao-gang, ZHANG Shi-ting, DING Lu-ming. Effect of Fertilization and Mowing on Biomass and Nutritional Quality of Alpine Natural Pasture [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(4): 885-887.
[11]	XU Ming, ZHANG Jian, LIU Guo-bin, DONG Ji-xin, SHI Lu, ZHENG Ming-qing. Effects of Vegetation Types and Rainfall on Soil Water Content and Temperature in the Gully Areas [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(3): 499-507.
[12]	GUO Ya-zhou, ZHANG Rui-han, SUN Tun, ZHAO Shi-jiao, YOU Yan-fei, LU Hao, WU Chen-chen, ZHAO Bao-yu. Harm, Control and Comprehensive Utilization of Poisonous Weeds in Natural Grasslands of Gansu Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(2): 243-256.
[13]	ZHANG Zhi-yuan, LI Gang, ZHANG Bin-bin, ZHAO Xiang, REN Guo-hua, DONG Kuang-hu, GAO Wen-jun, WANG Yong-xin. Estimation on Carbon Distribution and Storage of Typical Natural Grassland in Shanxi Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(1): 69-75.
[14]	WEI Dai-hong, ZHANG Wei-guo, WANG Ying, WEI Wan-rong. Study on Prevention and Control of Zokor in Cultured Leguminosae Grassland Using Grass Isolation Technique [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(1): 184-189.
[15]	WANG Qing-hai, PANG Zhuo, LI Cui, WU Ju-ying, DA Neng-tai, WANG De-jun, MA Qing-cheng. Effects of Astragalus variabilis and Oxytropis glabra on the Soil Properties of Desert Grassland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2015, 23(3): 469-475.