The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.03.001

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 519-530.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.03.001

The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

FU Jing-jing¹, GUO Ya-zhou¹, HUANG Wen-ying², GUO Rong¹, LU Hao¹, WU Chen-chen¹, ZHAO Bao-yu^1,2

1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shanxi province 712100, China;
2. Qinghai Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Xining, Qinghai province 810001, China

Received:2019-01-14 Revised:2019-05-17 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-07-19

疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望

浮晶晶¹, 郭亚洲¹, 黄文颖², 郭蓉¹, 路浩¹, 吴晨晨¹, 赵宝玉^1,2

1. 西北农林科技大学动物医学院中国西部有毒植物研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 青海省动物疫病预防控制中心, 青海西宁 810001

通讯作者: 赵宝玉
作者简介:浮晶晶(1994-),女,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物中毒病与毒理学研究,E-mail:1358958334@qq.com
基金资助:
农业部“十二五”公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203062）资助

Abstract

Abstract: Locoweed refers specifically to a kind of poisonous grasses containing swainsonine,which cause chronic neurological dysfunction and animal crazy symptoms after eating,and the poisoning caused by it is called locoism,mainly distributing in the western United States. In recent years,the area of locoweed in China has been increasing,and its harm degree exceeds that of snow disaster and epidemic disease. It has become a serious poisonous grass which endangers the sustainable development of animal husbandry in western China.Since the end of the 19th century,the USA has been studying the biology,ecology,toxicology and animal poisoning of locoweed. It is the first country in the world to research on locoweed. It has rich experience in dealing with the prevention and control of grassland locoweed disaster. The level of the locoweed`s research in China is far behind USA. In this paper,the research history,species and distribution,the situation of the toxicity disaster,toxicology and prevention and treatments of locoweeds in American natural grassland were summarized to provide reference for the research on the pathogenic mechanism and disaster prevention and control of locoweed poisoning in China.

Key words: Locoweed, Poisoning, Poisonous weeds, Natural grassland, Prevention and Control, America

摘要： 疯草专门指含苦马豆素、采食后引起慢性神经机能障碍、表现发疯样症状的一类毒草，由此所致中毒称为疯草病，主要分布在美国西部。近年来我国疯草面积不断增大，危害程度超过雪灾和疫病，已经成为危害我国西部草原畜牧业可持续发展的严重毒草。美国从19世纪末就开始疯草生物学、生态学、毒理学及其动物中毒病研究，是世界上率先开展疯草研究的国家，在应对草地疯草灾害防控方面具有丰富经验。我国天然草地疯草研究起步晚，与美国有很大差距。本文就美国天然草地疯草的研究历史、种类分布、灾害状况、毒理学和疯草防治技术等方面的进展进行归纳总结，旨在为我国天然草地疯草中毒病的致病机制和灾害防控技术研究提供借鉴。

关键词: 疯草, 中毒, 毒草, 天然草地, 防控, 美国

CLC Number:

S545

FU Jing-jing, GUO Ya-zhou, HUANG Wen-ying, GUO Rong, LU Hao, WU Chen-chen, ZHAO Bao-yu. The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(3): 519-530.

浮晶晶, 郭亚洲, 黄文颖, 郭蓉, 路浩, 吴晨晨, 赵宝玉. 疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(3): 519-530.

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The Distribution of Locoweed in Natural Grassland in the United States and the Current Status and Prospects of Research on Animal Poisoning

疯草类植物在美国天然草地的分布及其动物中毒病研究现状与展望

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[3]	LI Bo, Morigenbielige null, Wuyunga null, Surilage null, Sharikou null, LI Guo-zhong, ZHAO Bao-yu, LU Hao. Investigation into the Distribution and Hazards of Toxic Plants in the Natural Grasslands of Alxa Left Banner [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(4): 1267-1273.
[4]	ALIMIRI-Alimujiang, TANG Bang-jie, KONG Fan-xi, CUI Wen-kai, CHEN Jun. Study on Convenient Estimation Technique of Aboveground Biomass of Natural Grassland in Xinjiang [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(4): 1308-1315.
[5]	ZHENG Kai-fu, YAN Hu, QI He-xing, LI Jing-jing, WANG Hai-chun, LIU Kai, TANG Bing-min, LU Guang-xin. Species and Geographical Distribution of Plant Rust in Natural Grassland of Qinghai Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(3): 839-849.
[6]	LI Dan, LU Ping, YUAN Bo, DU Ling, LI Yu-ling, GAO Feng, JIANG Kai. Research Progress of Endopfyte Fungi from Locoweed Producing SW [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(2): 358-368.
[7]	SUN Xun, YU Yue, LIANG Jun-yi. Effects of Grazing on Nutritional Quality of Natural Grassland Communities in Northern China:a Meta-analysis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(9): 2843-2852.
[8]	SU Hong-ye, MA Li, ZHANG Zhong-hua, QIN Rui-min, CHANG Tao, WEI Jing-jing, HU Xue, LI Shan, YUAN Fang, A Di-ha-ze, SHI Zheng-chen, ZHOU Hua-kun. Classification Methods,Problems and Countermeasures of Natural Grassland in Qinghai Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(12): 3809-3819.
[9]	LIU Zhi-biao, LIU Wen-hao, JIN Gui-li, ADELIETI Ailiewutalifu, CHANG Jing, JIAMALIDING·Wulazahan, GONG Ke, MA Jian, LI Ying, CHEN Yao. Effects of Chemical Control on Hyperspectral Characteristics and Identification of Aconitum Leucostomum [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(8): 2118-2125.
[10]	WU Ke-xin, TANG Shi-yu, ZHU Yi-ru, GUO Zi-yu, MO Chong-hui, ZHAO Bao-yu, LU Hao. Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Wild-Type Astragalus adsurgens and Analysis of Swainsonine [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(7): 1692-1700.
[11]	LI Xin, LIU Yan-qi, FU Jing-Ping, BAN Li-Ping. Current Status of Green Control Technology of Asian Corn Borer Ostrinia furnacalis in the Production of Fresh Corn [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(4): 825-834.
[12]	GUO Ya-zhou, ZHAO Shi-jiao, SHA Ri-kou, MA Yong-jia, MO Chong-hui, WU Chen-chen, LU Hao, ZHAO Bao-yu. Study Progress of Poisonous Plants Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Natural Grasslands [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(2): 297-311.
[13]	LU Xuan, GAO Kai, SUN Zhong-lin, MENGGEN Qimu-ge, HUA Gui-lan, DONG Yan-wei. Effects of Paclobutrazol on Biological Characteristics of Cenchrus pauciflorus [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(2): 412-417.
[14]	HUANG Rui-jie, ZHANG Chun-yan, WEN Yu-ting, WU Chen-chen, LU Hao, ZHAO Bao-yu. Predicting the Habitats of Achnatherum inebrians in China under Current (1970—2000) and Future Climate Conditions [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(10): 2712-2720.
[15]	ZHANG Min, WANG Xiaoli, MA Yushou, WANG Yanlong, LIU Wei, HE Bin, QIN Jinping, DONG Ruizhen, ZHANG Litian, YANG Shihai. Study on the Supply and Demand of Forage in Shigatse region,Tibet [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(10): 2332-2338.