Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 1633-1642.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.06.021

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Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Community Diversity and Biomass of Alpine Steppe

WANG Ling, SHI Jian-jun, DONG Quan-min, YIN Ya-li, WANG Xiao-li, YU Yang, ZHANG Chun-ping   

  1. Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2019-06-12 Revised:2019-08-22 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-31

氮、磷添加对高寒草原群落多样性和生物量的影响

王玲, 施建军, 董全民, 尹亚丽, 王晓丽, 俞旸, 张春平   

  1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 通讯作者: 施建军,E-mail:378605242@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王玲(1993-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为高寒草地生态,E-mail:1109949426@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省重大专项(2016-NK-A7-01);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501902-06);青海省科研项目(2017-S-1-05)共同资助

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable amount of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus (P) in the light degraded alpine grassland in the surrounding area of Qinghai lake,screen the optimized combination of N and P,urea and diammonium phosphate were used for this study and conducted with a randomized block design. Three levels of N (35,70,140 kg·hm-2) and three levels of P (26,52,65 kg·hm-2) were set with the combinations of N and P levels:N1P1 (35,26 kg·hm-2),N1P2 (35,52 kg·hm-2),N1P3 (35,65 kg·hm-2),N2P1 (70,26 kg·hm-2),N2P2 (70,52 kg·hm-2),N2P3 (70,65 kg·hm-2),N3P1 (140,26 kg·hm-2),N3P2 (140,52 kg·hm-2),N3P3 (140,65 kg·hm-2) as 9 fertilization gradients,with no fertilization as a control. The effects of N and P combined application on the community characteristics of grassland community were studied for the year and the following year of fertilization. The results showed that,the combined application of N and P significantly (P<0.05) increased the coverage,height and important values of Gramineae and Leguminosae. The diversity of plant communities in alpine grassland were reduced,but not significant(P>0.05). The aboveground biomass of plant communities increased by 59.22%~205.67% and 73.41%~180.10% in the year and the following year of fertilization;Compared with the current year,the aboveground biomass increased by 2.72%~17.34% in the following year. The optimal N and P additions for plant growth in this area were 70~140 kg·hm-2 and 26~52 kg·hm-2. In summary,artificial fertilization is a rapid and effective measure for the improvement of light degraded grassland in natural alpine grassland,which can effectively improve grassland biomass and facilitate grassland vegetation restoration.

Key words: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Alpine steppe, Diversity, Biomass

摘要: 为探讨环青海湖区域轻度退化高寒草原适宜的氮(N)、磷(P)添加量,筛选区域N,P合施的优化方案,本试验选用尿素与磷酸二铵,采用随机区组设计,设置3个氮元素水平(35,70,140 kg·hm-2)和3个磷元素水平(26,52,65 kg·hm-2),氮元素和磷元素水平组合为:N1P1(35,26 kg·hm-2),N1P2(35,52 kg·hm-2),N1P3(35,65 kg·hm-2),N2P1(70,26 kg·hm-2),N2P2(70,52 kg·hm-2),N2P3(70,65 kg·hm-2),N3P1(140,26 kg·hm-2),N3P2(140,52 kg·hm-2),N3P3(140,65 kg·hm-2)9个施肥梯度,以不施肥为对照,研究N、P合施当年和次年对该草原群落特征的影响。结果表明:N、P合施显著(P<0.05)增加禾本科、豆科植物的盖度、高度和重要值。施肥不同程度降低了高寒草原植物群落多样性,但差异性不显著(P>0.05)。施肥当年与次年地上生物量分别增产59.22%~205.57%,73.41%~180.10%,次年比当年增产2.72%~17.34%。该区域最适宜植物生长的N、P添加量分别为70~140 kg·hm-2,26~52 kg·hm-2。综上所述,人工施肥是天然高寒草原轻度退化草地改良一种快速有效的措施,能够有效的提高草地生物量,同时也有利于草地植被的恢复。

关键词: 氮, 磷, 高寒草原, 多样性, 生物量

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