Abstract: In this study,the genetic variation level of 180 feed oats (Avena sativa L.) germplasm resources was evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of grain type was the highest (1.2),and grain color lowest (0.67) among five quality traits of 180 feed oats. The genetic diversity index of biomass per plant was the highest (2.07),and effective tillering number lowest (1.82) within 13 quantitative traits. According to the quantitative characters,the largest genetic diversity index came to the flower number (31.82%) and the smallest was the grain length (8.97%). Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component reflected the panicle characteristic factor of feed oat,the second principal component reflected the yield component factor,and the third principal component mainly reflected the seed characteristic factor. Cluster analysis results showed that these germplasms were divided into five germplasm groups. Groups I,II and IV can be used as excellent parents for screening and breeding out high-yield or multi traits feed oats,lodging-resistant or "grain type" oats varieties,respectively. This research provided a theoretical and numerical basis for the selection and utilization,and genetics and breeding of feed oat germplasm resources.

Key words: Feed oat, Germplasm resources, Phenotypic traits, Genetic diversity

摘要： 本研究以国内外180份饲用燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种质资源为研究对象,利用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法评价其表型遗传变异水平,结果表明180份饲用燕麦质量性状的遗传多样性指数以粒型(1.2)最大,粒色(0.67)最小;数量性状的遗传多样性指数以单株生物量(2.07)最大,有效分蘖数(1.82)最小。变异系数最大的是铃数(31.82%),最小的是粒长(8.97%)。主成分分析发现第1主成分反映的是穗部特征因子,第2主成分反映的是产量构成因子,第3个主成分反映的是种子特征因子。聚类分析将所有种质资源分为五类,其中种质群I、II、IV可分别作为筛选高产饲用型燕麦以及多目标性状品种、抗倒伏品种以及籽粒型燕麦品种的优良亲本,为饲用燕麦种质资源的筛选利用和遗传育种提供基础数据和理论参考。

关键词: 饲用燕麦, 种质资源, 表型性状, 遗传多样性