Abstract: According to the problems of vegetation destruction and serious soil erosion in the mountain areas of northeast Yunnan province,the run-off observation field was distributed at the slope lands of approximately 22° grade and 2380m altitude in Huize County and bare land,potato plot,oat plot,sown grassland,and rangeland were set up for field survey of soil and water loss.The results show that the surface run-off and the soil loss of different vegetation types at the same grade were all increased along with rainfall intensity increasing.The amount of the surface run-off and soil loss under same precipitation condition ranked as follows: bare land > potato plot > oat plot > sown grassland > rangeland.The total amount of the surface run-off and soil loss were 369.5 and 26.5 t·hm^-2 in bare land,respectively,significantly higher than other lands(P<0.05).The total amount of the surface run-off in rangeland was 0 t·hm^-2,reduced 369.5,92.0,62.2,and 50.0 t per hm² than bare land,potato plot,oat plot,and sown grassland,respectively;the total amount of soil loss was 0 t·hm^-2,reduced 26.5,9.4,0.63,and 0.5 t per hm² than bare land,potato plot,oat plot,and sown grassland,respectively.

Key words: Grassland vegetation, Slope land, Rainfall, Surface run-off, Soil loss

摘要： 针对滇东北山区植被破坏、水土流失严重的问题,于2005年5-10月,在云南省会泽县海拔2380 m、22°的坡地上设置水土流失试验样方,观测裸地、马铃薯地、燕麦地、改良草地和天然草地水土流失控制效果。结果表明:坡度一致时,不同植被的地表径流量和土壤流失量均随降雨量的升高而增大;降雨量一致时,各观测样方的地表径流量和土壤流失量均为裸地>马铃薯地>燕麦地>改良草地>天然草地。监测期内裸地累计地表径流量和土壤流失量分别为369.5 t/hm²、26.5 t/hm²,显著高于其他植被类型(P<0.05)。天然草地累计地表径流量和土壤流失量均为0 t/hm²,其中每hm²累计地表径流量分别比裸地、马铃薯地、燕麦地、改良草地减少了369.5 t、92.0 t、62.2t、50.0 t;累计土壤流失量分别比裸地、马铃薯地、燕麦地、改良草地减少了26.5 t、9.4 t、0.63 t、0.5 t。

关键词: 草地植被, 坡地, 降雨量, 地表径流, 土壤流失