Study on Grazing Yak Performance and Soil Nutrient Changes in Warm-season Pastures of Alpine Region

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2009.05.015

›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 629-635.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2009.05.015

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Study on Grazing Yak Performance and Soil Nutrient Changes in Warm-season Pastures of Alpine Region

DONG Quan-min¹, ZHAO Xin-quan², MA Yu-shou¹, SHI Jian-jun¹, SHENG Li¹, WANG Yan-long¹, YANG Shi-hai¹, WANG Liu-ying¹

1. Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
2. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China

Received:2008-03-24 Revised:2009-07-08 Online:2009-10-15 Published:2009-10-15

高寒地区暖季草场放牧牦牛的生产性能及其土壤养分变化

董全民¹, 赵新全², 马玉寿¹, 施建军¹, 盛丽¹, 王彦龙¹, 杨时海¹, 王柳英¹

1. 青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 西宁, 810016;
2. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁, 810001

作者简介:董全民(1972- ),男,甘肃天水人,博士,研究员,主要从事草地放牧生态、退化草地恢复与重建研究,E-mail:qmdong@qhmky.com
基金资助:
国家“十五”科技攻关计划重大项目(2001BA606A-02);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BAC01A02);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC61B02)

Abstract

Abstract: Overgrazing is the main reason for grassland degradation and reasonable grazing intensity is basic to the sustainable using of grassland.In this study,the primary productivity,soil nutritional contents,and live weight gain per yak were measured under different grazing intensities in warm-season pastures of alpine Kobresia parva(Nees) Wang et Tang ex Y.C.Yang meadow and Elymus nutans Griseb./Puccinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.) Scribn.et Merr.mixed-sown grassland.The results show: 1.Linear relationship was detected between live weight gain per yark and grazing intensity;the optimal grazing intensity in warm season for alpine K.parva meadow was 1.26 head·hm^-2 and for E.nutans/P.tenuflora mixed-sown grassland was 7.23 head·hm^-2.2.The influence of grazing intensity on the available K in alpine mixed-sown grassland was significant(P<0.05),but not significant to available N and P.Along with the increase of grazing intensity,contents of organic matter,organic carbon,total N and total P in alpine K.parva meadow reduced,and contents of available N in 0～5 cm,5～10 cm,and 10～20 cm depth were minimum when grazing intensity was 1.07,1.08,and 1.22 head·hm^-2,respectively.3.With the increased grazing intensity,the ratio of grasses sedges in biomass reduced and palatable and toxic weeds increased in alpine K.parva meadow,while the percentage of E.nutans in biomass decreased and P.tenuflora and others increased in alpine mixed-sown grassland.

Key words: Alpine Kobresia parva(Nees) Wang et Tang ex Y.C.Yang meadow, Elymus nutans Griseb.and Puccinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.) Scribn.et Merr.mixed-sown grassland, Primary productivity, Soil nutrition content, Optimal grazing intensity

摘要： 旨在通过不同放牧强度下高寒小嵩草(Alpine Kobresia parva(Nees)Wang et Tang ex Y.C.Yang)草甸和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)/星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.)Scribn.et Merr.)高寒混播草地暖季草场植物初级生产力、土壤养分含量以及牦牛生产性能的研究,为草地合理利用提供有益的依据。结果表明:牦牛个体增重与放牧强度均呈线性关系;高寒小嵩草草甸暖季草场最适放牧强度为1.26头/hm²,垂穗披碱草/星星草混播高寒混播草地暖季草场的最适放牧强度是7.23头/hm²;放牧强度对高寒混播草地速效氮和速效磷的影响不显著,对速效钾的影响显著(P<0.05);随着放牧强度的提高,高寒小嵩草草甸土壤有机质、有机碳、全氮、全磷的含量呈减小趋势;当放牧强度分别达到1.07头/hm²,1.08头/hm²和1.22头/hm²时,0~5 cm,5~10 cm,10~20cm土壤速效氮含量依此达到最小;随着放牧强度的提高,高寒小嵩草草甸禾草和莎草的比例下降,可食杂草和毒杂草比例增加,而高寒混播草地垂穗披碱草的比例降低,星星草和杂类草的比例增加。

关键词: 高寒小嵩草草甸, 垂穗披碱草/星星草混播草地, 初级生产力, 土壤营养含量, 最适放牧强度

CLC Number:

Q948.112.5

DONG Quan-min, ZHAO Xin-quan, MA Yu-shou, SHI Jian-jun, SHENG Li, WANG Yan-long, YANG Shi-hai, WANG Liu-ying. Study on Grazing Yak Performance and Soil Nutrient Changes in Warm-season Pastures of Alpine Region[J]. , 2009, 17(5): 629-635.

董全民, 赵新全, 马玉寿, 施建军, 盛丽, 王彦龙, 杨时海, 王柳英. 高寒地区暖季草场放牧牦牛的生产性能及其土壤养分变化[J]. , 2009, 17(5): 629-635.

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Study on Grazing Yak Performance and Soil Nutrient Changes in Warm-season Pastures of Alpine Region

高寒地区暖季草场放牧牦牛的生产性能及其土壤养分变化

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