Abstract: In order to explore the feasibility to control the population number of plateau pika by sound signal of predator,the influences of yells of raptor,beast,and distressed plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae) on behavioral patterns of plateau pika were studied in August 2003.The results indicate that the voice of natural enemies and distressed screams of pika individual were important elements of predation risk for plateau pika,which intensively disturbed the behavior patterns of pikor.In those voices of pika enemies,the distressed screams of pika had most significant impact on the behavior patterns of pika and resulted in increased time for hiding in holes and decreased time for alertness.The voice of raptor and beast decreased the feeding time of pika significantly;at the same time,the voice of raptor prolonged the alertness time of pika.When plateau pika were suffered from risk sound signal,its responses were usually reduced foraging time,increased vigilance time,and increased detention time inside the cave,but the specific replying strategies was different according to the risk category and nature.The study also shows that plateau pika had a strong ability to identify and estimate the sound messages which could be an important action basis for the decision-making of pika.Therefore,the application of simulated risk sound signal to create and intensify a risk environment is a new approach worth of further exploration to control the local rodent population.

Key words: Predation risk, Sound signal, Plateau pika, Behavioral pattern

摘要： 为探讨利用天敌动物声讯信号控制高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)种群数量的可行性,于2006年8月分别就猛禽类、兽类的啸叫声和鼠兔的惨叫声对高原鼠兔行为模式的影响进行研究。结果表明,天敌动物的啸叫声和同类个体的惨叫声是高原鼠兔捕食风险的重要组成因素,猛禽类、兽类的啸叫声和同类个体的惨叫声均可对高原鼠兔的行为格局造成强烈干扰。其中,尤以同类惨叫声的影响最为强烈。同类个体的惨叫声可显著增加洞内躲避时间,减少警戒时间。猛禽类和兽类的鸣叫声可显著减少高原鼠兔的采食时间,而猛禽类的鸣叫声则可延长鼠兔的警戒时间。高原鼠兔在受到风险性声讯信号的干扰时,通常均以减少采食时间、增加警戒时间和洞内滞留时间为响应,但具体应对策略则因风险类别和性质而异。高原鼠兔对声讯信息具有较强的辨识和估测能力,是实施行为决策的重要依据。应用模拟风险性声讯信号营造和强化风险环境实施对鼠类种群数量的局部调控是一个值得探索的新途径。

关键词: 捕食风险, 声讯信号, 高原鼠兔, 行为模式