Abstract: In order to provide a database for selecting and utilizing interspecific hybrids between male sterile line Z3A,V4A of Sorghum and 4 kinds of Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf,the fertility,cytogenetic characteristics and breeding potential were analyzed by measuring fixed plants,staining pollen and making chromosome slides.Results showed that the growth potentiality of hybrid F₁ was much stronger than its parents.Its average plant height was 350～386 cm.The growing and developing period of hybrid F₁ was 132～134 days for the late-maturing type.The average tillering number per plant was 6.24～6.82 implying paternal inheritance.The ear type was intermediate for their parents.Both spikelet number per spike and spike density of hybrid F₁ were superior compared with their male parent.Hydrocyanic acid(ranged from 9.38 to 42.01 mg/kg) in hybrids F₁ plants with 140cm height were lower than the standard control.The brix in main stem(ranged from 8.89% to 9.46%) at the flowering stage indicated maternal inheritance.Pollen fertility rate was above 94%,with seed setting percentage between 73.22% and 76.62%.Its average chromosome pairing configurations in pollen mother cells at metaphase I(PMCMⅠ) was 2n=2x=20(10Ⅱ).The chromosome pairing behavior was regular.The frequency of rod bivalent was obviously higher(6.702～7.215)than that of their parents(1.834～3.506) indicating different genetic components of parents.The fresh yield of hybrids F₁ was higher than their male parent(Sorghum sudanense).Results show that Z3A×white hull Sudangrass,V4A×black hull Sorghum sudanense and Z3A×black hull Sorghum sudanense are great potential breeding combinations.

Key words: Male sterile line of Sorghum, Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf, Interspecific hybrid F₁, Growth and development, Agronomic traits, Cytogenetics

摘要： 为明确雄不育系高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)Z3A、V4A与黑壳、白壳、红壳、棕壳4种苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf)种间杂种F₁的育性状况、细胞遗传学特征和育种潜力,为杂交后代选择利用提供依据,采用定株观测、花粉粒染色,染色体制片镜检等方法,对杂种F₁代的生长发育、主要农艺性状及染色体构型等进行研究。结果表明:8个杂交组合F₁代植株生长茁壮,平均株高350~386 cm,显著超过其双亲;生育期较长(132~134 d),属中晚熟类型;分蘖数多达6.24~6.82个,呈偏父本遗传;穗型呈双亲中间型,每穗小穗数、穗密度均优于其父本苏丹草;茎叶比在3.10~3.33之间,明显低于其母本;株高140 cm时,F₁茎叶鲜草氢化物含量很低,变幅为9.38~42.01 mg·kg^-1;开花盛期主茎糖锤度值较高,在8.89%~9.46%之间,呈偏母本遗传;F₁花粉可育率在94%以上,自然结实率在73.22%~76.62%之间,均不存在育性问题;F₁代PMCMⅠ染色体配对行为规则,平均构型为2n=2x=20(10Ⅱ),但其棒状二价比例较高(6.702~7.215),亲本间遗传组成存在一定差异;F₁鲜草产量明显超过其父本苏丹草,增产幅度为12.17%~28.28%,超亲优势幅度为13.86%~39.42%。试验确定出育种潜力最大的杂交组合是:高粱V4A×棕壳苏丹草和高粱Z3A×黑壳苏丹草。

关键词: 雄不育系高粱, 苏丹草, 种间杂交种, 生育, 农艺性状, 细胞遗传学