Abstract: The Seriphidium transiliense desert is an essential grassland type in northern Xinjiang. The grassland has different degradation due to long-term overgrazing which restrained the grassland function in production and ecological aspects. In this paper, grassland characteristics and herbivore-carrying capacity of different degraded Seriphidium transiliense deserts were investigated in order to provide information for grassland rational utilization and animal husbandry sustainable development. Results showed that the dominant species transferred from Seriphidium transiliense to Petrosimonia sibirica with the degraded degree of grassland increasing. The ash and crude fiber contents of Seriphidium transiliense and grassland communities had a similar change tendency in spring, but the crude protein and ash with crude fiber had an opposite change tendency in autumn. The herbivore-carrying capacity of the non-degraded grassland in spring and autumn were 1.20 and 1.78 sheep unit per hm², and the moderate degraded grassland were 0.29 and 1.15 sheep unit per hm². Efficient protective measures should be taken to prevent ecological environment deterioration before the dominant species changed, that is, the herbivore-carrying capacity of non-degraded and medium-degraded grassland should not beyond the theoretical threshold, and grazing activity in the heavy-degradation and over-degradation area should be forbidden.

Key words: Degraded grassland, Plant characteristics, Herbivore-carrying capacity, Sustainable development

摘要： 伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)荒漠是新疆北疆地区重要的草地类型,但长期的超载过牧使该区域草地呈现不同程度的退化,严重地制约草地生产及生态功能的发挥。对伊犁绢蒿荒漠不同退化阶段草地的植物性状和载畜力进行分析,以期为区域草地的合理利用和畜牧业的可持续发展提供参考。结果表明:随着草地退化程度的加剧,伊犁绢蒿在群落中的优势地位逐渐被叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica)取代;伊犁绢蒿和群落的粗灰分与粗纤维含量在春季变化趋势相似,而伊犁绢蒿和群落的粗蛋白及粗灰分含量与粗纤维含量在秋季变化趋势相反;未退化草地春、秋季载畜力分别为1.20个绵羊单位/hm²和1.78个绵羊单位/hm²,中度退化草地春、秋季载畜力分别为0.29个绵羊单位/hm²和1.15个绵羊单位/hm²。为防止当地生态环境恶化,应在优势种发生更替前对草地进行有效的保护措施,即在对未退化和中度退化的草地利用时应以理论载畜力为最大承载力阈值。

关键词: 退化草地, 植被性状, 草地载畜力, 可持续发展