Research Progresses on Seed Reseeding to Recover the Degraded Grassland

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2017.06.002

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 1171-1177.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2017.06.002

Research Progresses on Seed Reseeding to Recover the Degraded Grassland

LI Yi-kang¹, DU Yan-gong¹, ZHANG Zheng-zhi³, LIN Li¹, GUO Xiao-wei¹, ZHANG Fa-wei^1,2, LI Qian¹, ZHOU Hua-kun¹, CAO Guang-min¹

1. Northwest Institute of Plateau Bioloy, Chinese Academy of Science;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China;
3. Linyi Environmental Protection Bureau of Shandong Province, Linyi, Shangdong Province 276100, China

Received:2017-03-15 Revised:2018-01-11 Online:2017-12-15 Published:2018-03-30

种子补播恢复退化草地研究进展

李以康¹, 杜岩功¹, 张正芝³, 林丽¹, 郭小伟¹, 张法伟^1,2, 李茜¹, 周华坤¹, 曹广民¹

1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100039;
3. 山东省临沂市环保局, 山东临沂 276100

通讯作者: 林丽,E-mail:hanxiao_2000_00@163.com
作者简介:李以康(1973-),男,山东临沂人,副研究员,E-mail:liyikang501@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目（2016-ZJ-710）；青海省创新平台建设专项（2017-ZJ-Y20）；国家自然科学基金项目（31270576）资助

Abstract

Abstract:

Most of the grassland at different degraded stages were caused by overgrazing, which means that nearly all the utilization of grassland is basically carried out on degraded grassland. At the same time, the degraded grassland is also at a critical stage of biodiversity conservation and ecological function weakening. Grassland in seriously degraded stage will lose its ecological and production value, so it is necessary to establish artificial grassland. It's the best opportunity to quickly recover degraded grassland by self-resilience before it degraded to the seriously degraded stage. However, the lack of seed caused by overgrazing is one of the main reason that resulted in grassland degradation. Reseeding is a simple and effective way to recover degraded grassland, but the reseeding species and measures varied greatly with the difference of the natural environments, community types and degraded stages. Here, we introduced the selection of reseeding species, reseeding time, reseeding measures and the effects of reseeding on the ecosystem in the process of reseeding to recover a degraded grassland.We proposed the suggestions that it should be paid attention to reseeding, reflection and prospect on the present research of reseeding to recover degraded grassland. We hope to be able to provide a reference for seed reseeding to recover the degraded grassland.

Key words: Grassland degradation, Seed reseeding, Rrecovery, Ameliorate

摘要：

过度放牧利用使草地多处于不同退化演替阶段，即当前对草地的利用基本都是在退化草地上进行，草地退化同时也是生物多样性保护和生态功能弱化的关键阶段。极度退化阶段草地失去生态和生产价值，需要建植人工草地。在草地退化到极度退化阶段之前，借助草地自身恢复力进行有效恢复是实现快速恢复的最好时机。过度放牧导致的种子匮乏是草地退化的主要原因之一，种子补播是一种经济有效简单易行的恢复措施，由于草地所处自然环境、植被类型和退化程度的不同，其所需补播物种及补播措施也存在很大差异。本文着重对种子补播恢复退化草地的物种选择、补播时间、补播方式、补播对生态系统的影响等进行了介绍，提出了种子补播应注意的问题，对当前补播恢复退化草地的研究进行了反思和展望，期望能为种子补播恢复退化草地提供借鉴。

关键词: 草地退化, 种子补播, 恢复, 改良

CLC Number:

812.3

LI Yi-kang, DU Yan-gong, ZHANG Zheng-zhi, LIN Li, GUO Xiao-wei, ZHANG Fa-wei, LI Qian, ZHOU Hua-kun, CAO Guang-min. Research Progresses on Seed Reseeding to Recover the Degraded Grassland[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(6): 1171-1177.

李以康, 杜岩功, 张正芝, 林丽, 郭小伟, 张法伟, 李茜, 周华坤, 曹广民. 种子补播恢复退化草地研究进展[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(6): 1171-1177.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2017.06.002

https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/EN/Y2017/V25/I6/1171

References

[1] Meyer W B, Turner I I B L. Changes in land use and land cover:A Global Perspective[M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 1994, 125-145
[2] Huyghec C. New utilizations for grassland areas and the forage plants:what matters[J]. Forages, 2010(203):213-219
[3] 赵有益, 龙瑞军, 林慧龙, 等. 草地生态系统安全及其评价研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(2):143-150
[4] 赵同谦, 欧阳志云, 郑华, 等. 草地生态系统服务功能分析及其评价指标体系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(6):155-160
[5] 刘洪来, 鲁为华, 陈超. 草地退化演替过程及诊断研究进展[J]. 草地学报, 2011, 19(5):865-8715-871
[6] 张文海, 杨韫. 草地退化的因素和退化草地的恢复及其改良[J]. 北方环境, 2011, 23(8):41-44
[7] 严作良, 周华坤, 刘伟, 等. 江河源区草地退化状况及成因[J]. 中国草地, 2003, 25(1):73-78
[8] 尚占环, 龙瑞军. 青藏高原"黑土型"退化草地成因与恢复[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(6):652-656
[9] 李博. 中国北方草地退化及其防治对策[J]. 中国农业科学, 1997, 30(6):1-9
[10] 武高林, 杜国祯. 青藏高原退化高寒草地生态系统恢复和可持续发展探讨[J]. 自然杂志, 2007, 29(3):159-164
[11] 曹广民, 龙瑞军. 三江源区"黑土滩"型退化草地自然恢复的瓶颈及解决途径[J]. 草地学报, 2009, 17(1):4-9
[12] 董全民, 马玉寿, 许长军, 等. 三江源区黑土滩退化草地分类分级体系及分类恢复研究[J]. 草地学报, 2015, 23(3):441-447
[13] 伏洋, 张国胜, 李凤霞, 等. 青海省草地生态环境变化态势及驱动力分析[J]. 草业科学, 2007, 24(5):1-8
[14] 胡志超, 李政海, 周延林, 等. 呼伦贝尔草原退化分级评价及时空格局分析[J]. 中国草地学报, 2014, 36(5):12-18
[15] Carter D L, Blair J M. High richness and dense seeding enhance grassland restoration establishment but have little effect on drought response[J]. Ecological Application, 2012, 22(4):1308-1319
[16] Bossuyt B, Honnay O. Can the seedbank be used for ecological restoration? An overview of seedback characteristics in European communities[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2008(19):875-884
[17] Bullock J M, Moy I L, Pywell R F, et al.Plant dispersal and colonization processes at local and landscape scales[J]. Dispersal ecology, 2002:279-302
[18] Kiehl K, Kirmer A, Donath T W, et al. Species introduction in restoration projects on evaluation of different techniques for the establishment of semi-natural grasslands in Central and Northwester Europe[J]. Basic and applied ecology, 2010(11):285-299
[19] Sluis W J.Patterns of species richness and composition in recreated grassland[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2002(10):677-684
[20] Polley H W, Derner J D, Wilsey B K. Patterns of plant species diversity in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2005(13):480-487.
[21] 曹广民, 杜岩功, 梁东营, 等. 高寒嵩草草甸的被动与主动退化分异特征及其发生机理[J]. 山地学报, 2007, 25(6):641-648
[22] 安源, 王育青, 陈敏, 等. 沙地草场补播技术及其生态效益研究[J]. 草地学报, 1997, 5(1):33-41
[23] 王辉, 任继周, 袁宏波. 黄河源区天然草地沙化机理分析研究[J]. 草业学报, 2005, 15(6):14-18
[24] 张永超, 牛得草, 韩潼, 等. 补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2012, 21(2):305-309
[25] 陈子萱, 田福平, 时永杰, 等. 补播对玛曲高寒沙化草地物种丰富度和生物量的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2011, 42(6):635-638
[26] 马志广, 陈敏. 草地改良理论、方法与趋势[J]. 中国草地, 1994(4):63-66
[27] 贾慎修, 贾志海, 史德宽. 补播是改良退化草地的有效途径[J]. 草业科学, 1989, 6(6):8-12
[28] 曹子龙, 郑翠玲, 赵廷宁, 等. 补播改良措施对沙化草地植被恢复的作用[J]. 水土保持研究, 2009, 16(1):90-92
[29] 陈亚明. 退化嵩草型高山草地补播豆科牧草的研究[J]. 草业学报, 1999, 8(2):71-75
[30] 韩天文. 甘肃省"退牧还草"工程主要实施区的引种试验及草地补播方案的研究[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2007:7-9
[31] 阎子盟, 张玉娟, 潘利, 等. 天然草地补播豆科牧草的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(29):1-7
[32] 陈新. 新疆天然草地补播改良技术探讨[J]. 草业与畜牧, 2012(1):35-38
[33] 阿德力·麦地, 叶尔道来提·阿曼株力. 天山南坡高寒退化草地人工治理技术的初步研究[J]. 中国草地, 2003, 25(3):77-79
[34] Dickson T L, Busby W H. Forb species establishment increases with decreased grass seeding density and with increased forb seeding density in a Northeast Kansas, USA, experimental prairie restoration[J]. Restoration Ecology, 2009, 17(5):597-605
[35] 赵娜, 庄洋, 赵吉. 放牧和补播对草地土壤有机碳和微生物量碳的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 31(3):367-374
[36] 魏学红, 杨富裕, 孙磊. 补播和施肥对藏北高寒退化草地的改良效果[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2010, 38(32):18155-18156
[37] 魏斌. 草地管理措施对高寒草甸有毒植物的影响[D]. 兰州:兰州大学, 2013:24-31
[38] 杨春华, 李向林, 张新全, 等. 秋季补播多花黑麦草对扁穗牛鞭草草地产量、质量和植物组成的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2004(6):80-86
[39] 王吉云, 孙宗玖, 安沙舟, 等. 补播对天然割草场植被恢复效果的初步研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2011, 48(4):690-695
[40] 张强强, 景亚平, 杨雪, 等. 新疆兵团九师退化天然草地补播改良效果分析[J]. 草原与草坪, 2014, 34(4):88-92
[41] 宋理明, 许存平, 魏永林, 等. 临冬寄籽播种试验和环青海湖地区退化草地补播秋季实施的可行性分析[J]. 青海科技, 2008(1):19-22
[42] 伊斯拉依·达吾提. 天山北坡砾沙质荒漠草地补播改良机理的研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2008:31-33
[43] 李昌平, 杨政. 不同补播方式改良草地的效果评价(初报)[J]. 草业科学, 1989, 6(2):39-41
[44] 武高林, 任国华, 刘振恒, 等. 黄河首曲湿地功能区"黑土滩"退化草甸恢复改良[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 45(4):48-52
[45] 孙保平. 荒漠化防治工程学[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2000, 6-15
[46] 沈渭寿. 毛乌素沙地飞播植被演替的阶段与速度[J]. 林业科学, 1999, 35(3):103-108
[47] 郑华平, 陈子萱, 牛俊义, 等. 补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2009, 18(3):28-33
[48] 李飞, 禹朴家, 神祥金, 等. 退化草地补播草木樨、黄花苜蓿的生产力和土壤碳截获潜力[J]. 草业科学, 2013, 31(3):361-366
[49] 李希来, 黄葆宁. 治理"黑土滩"退化草地补种禾草和嵩草试验初报[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 1996(4):9-11
[50] 卜繁超, 姚文军. 天然草地机械化补播改良技术及配套机具[J]. 新疆农机化, 2002(5):10-12
[51] 宝音陶格涛. 无芒雀麦与苜蓿混播试验[J]. 草地学报, 2001, 9(1):73-76
[52] 宝音陶格涛, 吴岚, 孙卫国. 人工羊草草地群落分化和土壤养分相关性的研究[J]. 中国草地, 1993(4):43-52
[53] 张云, 武高林, 任国华, 等. 封育后补播"高寒1号"生态草对玛曲退化高寒草甸生产力的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2009, 26(7):99-104
[54] 马玉寿, 郎百宁. 建立草业系统恢复青藏高原"黑土型"退化草地植被恢复[J]. 草业科学, 1998, 15(1):5-9
[55] 马玉寿, 郎百宁, 李青云, 等. 江河源区高寒草甸退化草地恢复与重建技术研究[J]. 草业科学, 2002, 19(9):1-5
[56] Pywell R F, Bullock J M, Hopkins A, et al.Restoration of species-rich grassland on arable land:assessing the limiting processes using a multi-site experiment[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002(39):294-309
[57] 王庆华, 姬万忠. 天祝高寒退化草地补播恢复治理[J]. 草业科学, 2015, 32(4):606-611
[58] 孙树青. 乌珠穆沁沙质退化草地人工补播调查研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2011:31-33
[59] 魏振凯, 解大志, 王辉, 等. 工程与生物措施结合改良碱化草地效果[J]. 中国草地, 1996(2):17-19
[60] 邹厚远, 程积民, 周麟, 等. 黄土高原草原植被的自然恢复演替及调节[J]. 水土保持研究, 1998, 5(1):126-138
[61] 傅林谦, 祝廷成. 沙地飞播植被演替规律初探[J]. 草业科学, 1993, 10(5):12-16
[62] 张卫国. 试论草地的补播改良[J]. 草业科学, 1990, 7(2):57-59
[63] Hufford K M, Mazer S J. Plant ecotypes:genetic differentiation in the age of ecological restoration[J]. Trends in ecology and evolution, 2003(18):147-155
[64] Martin L M, Wilsey B J.Assessing grassland restoration success:relative roles of seed additions and native ungulate activities[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006(43):1098-1109
[65] 包宗武, 苗玉华. 补播在草地植被恢复中的作用及其研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2008, 14(5):71-72

Research Progresses on Seed Reseeding to Recover the Degraded Grassland

种子补播恢复退化草地研究进展

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Xiao-fen, WU Yu-xin, XIAO Hai-long, ZHANG Ge-fei, CHEN Jian-gang, ZHANG De-gang. Features of Soil Aggregates and Plant Interspecific Affinity along Degraded Alpine Grasslands in Three Rivers Region [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(9): 2001-2009.
[2]	WANG Xiao-fen, MA Yuan, ZHANG Ge-fei, LIN Dong, ZHANG De-gang. Relationship between Plant Community Diversity and Ecosystem Multifunctionality During Alpine Meadow Degradation [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(5): 1053-1060.
[3]	MA Hai-li, LIN Hui-long, XIONG Xiao-yu, HAN Xue-ping. The Impact of the Grassland Ecological Reward Policy on Grassland Vegetation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(3): 545-554.
[4]	YU Lan-hui, WANG Jie, LIAO Li-rong, ZHANG Chao, LIU Guo-bin. Soil Microbial Biomass,Enzyme Activities and Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics and Influencing Factors along Degraded Meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(6): 1702-1710.
[5]	LI Xue-ping, LI Jian-hong, LIU Yong-gang, FAN Yu-xuan, ZHAO Shu-dong, LI Min-quan. The Vegetation and Soil Microorganism Characteristics of Different Degraded Grassland in Gannan Steppe [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(5): 1252-1259.
[6]	YU Bao-zheng, PENG Yue-lin, CAI Xiao-bu. Change Characteristics of Soil Aggregates Organic Carbon in Degraded Alpine Meadow in the Northern Tibet Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(6): 1212-1220.
[7]	MU Shao-jie, ZHU Chao, ZHOU Ke-xin, LI Jian-long. The Preventive Strategies of Degradation and the Approaches to Enhance Carbon Sequestration Ability in Inner Mongolia Grassland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(2): 217-225.
[8]	LIANG Cun-li. Application of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process on the Study of Tibetan Grassland Degradation [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(1): 172-177.
[9]	LIU Yu-jie, FENG Zhi-ming, DENG Fu-ying. Vegetation Indices of Euphorbia jolkinii As An Indicator Plant of Grassland Degradation [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(3): 455-460.
[10]	HE Long, AN Sha-zhou, JIN Gui-li, FAN Yan-min, ZHANG Ting. Analysis on High Spectral Characteristics of Degraded Seriphidium transiliense Desert Grassland [J]. , 2014, 22(2): 271-276.
[11]	XIAO Tong, SHAO Quan-qin, SUN Wen-yi, QI Yong-qing. Grassland Degradation Characteristics of Typical Alpine Meadow Slopes in the Three-River Source Region of Qinghai Province [J]. , 2013, 21(3): 452-459.
[12]	DAI Rui, LIU Zhi-hong, LOU Meng-yun, LIANG Jin, YU Ming-yang. Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Grassland Degradation in Naqu of Northern Tibet [J]. , 2013, 21(1): 37-41,99.
[13]	LIU Hong-lai, LU Wei-hua, CHEN Chao. Research Progress of Grassland Degraded Succession and Diagnosis [J]. , 2011, 19(5): 865-871.
[14]	XU Yao, HE Zheng-wei, CHEN Tao. Dynamics and Its Driving Factor of Grassland Degradation in Bange County [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(3): 377-380.
[15]	LIANG Yan, HAN Guo-dong, ZHOU He, ZHAO Meng-li, SHAN Dan, ZHENG Shu-hua. Plant Community Indications for Judging the Degree of Degradation of the Leymus chinensis Steppes [J]. , 2006, 14(4): 343-348.