Abstract:

In order to study the effects of Herbage on the content of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ ions in saline soil, an experiment was carried out by planting alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linn.), Sesbania pea (Sesbania cannabina Poir.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica ) and crown vetch (Coronilla varia L.) in saline soil with different salt concentrations. The results showed that five kinds of forage grasses had the best effect on reducing Na⁺ in moderately saline soil. The content difference of water-soluble K⁺ in the saline soil before and after planting was the most significant, and the change of Na⁺ was directly proportional to the content of water soluble K⁺ absorbed by herbage, and the most obvious effect was in alfalfa and crown vetch. The content of water-soluble Ca²⁺ in soil increased or decreased depending on different herbage. The change of soil salinity was significant, while the content of water-soluble Ca²⁺ changed little when the soil was severe saline. The content of water-soluble Mg²⁺ decreased significantly in severe saline soil. To sum up, the content of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ changed little. According to the changes of water soluble Na⁺ and K⁺ content, the content of water-soluble Na⁺ in the soil of growing Zoysiagrass decreased the most and the water soluble K⁺ was less salt stress, so Zoysiagrass was the most suitable one for growing in the three saline soils.

Key words: Solonchaks, Forage grass, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺

摘要：

为了研究牧草对盐渍土Na^＋、K^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg²⁺离子含量的影响，本试验通过在不同盐浓度滨海盐渍土中种植紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa Linn.）、田菁（Sesbania cannabina Poir.）、早熟禾（Poa pratensis Linn.）、结缕草（Zoysia japonica Steud.）、小冠花（Coronilla buxifolia Hance）观察阳离子变化。结果表明，五种牧草降低中度盐渍土Na⁺效果最佳。种植牧草前后盐渍土中水溶性K⁺含量变化最显著，Na⁺的变化与牧草吸收水溶性K⁺的含量呈正比，紫花苜蓿和小冠花影响最明显。种植不同牧草的土壤中水溶性Ca²⁺含量变化有增有减，土壤盐度适中时变化显著，而达到重度时水溶性Ca²⁺含量变化不大；水溶性Mg²⁺含量只有在重度盐渍土中降低显著且差异极大。综上所述，牧草对Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量变化不大，而根据水溶性Na⁺、K⁺含量的变化，种植结缕草的土壤中水溶性Na⁺含量降低最多且水溶性K⁺受盐度胁迫小，故结缕草适合在这三种盐渍土中生长。

关键词: 盐渍土, 牧草, K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺