Abstract: The present experiment aimed to study the spring and autumn pasture in the Fuyun county,Aletai Region. The yield and nutrient composition of forage were analyzed and evaluated,and the grazing capacity was calculated by using the combined method of traditional ground yield test and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the temperate steppe pasture in the spring was composed of Artemisia sp.,Stipa capillata,Ceratocarpus arenarius,and accounting for 50.57%,41.25%,8.18% (DM),respectively. The total dry matter yield of forage was 277.53 kg·hm^-2,the forage quality of that was medium,and in the spring the grazing capacity calculated by the nutritional requirement of feed intake and crude protein of every unit sheep every day was about 2.51,3.27 SU·hm^-2,respectively. In autumn,the mountain steppe pasture was composed of weeds,Stipa capillata, Carex sp.,Alchemilla japonica, Festuca ovina,Artemisia sp.,accounting for 31.53%,25.19%,17.58%,10.20%,9.74%,5.76%(DM). Total dry matter yield of forage was 457.97 kg·hm^-2. The crude protein content of forage was very low,while the ADF content of that was high. Grazing capacity according to the nutritional requirement of feed intake and crude protein of every unit sheep every day was about 1.90,1.36 SU·hm^-2,respectively. There was an imbalance of calcium-phosphorus ratio and serious deficiency of phosphorus not only in the temperate steppe pasture of the spring but also in the mountain steppe pasture of the autumn,which suggested we should supplement with phosphorus during grazing production.

Key words: Aletai region, Fuyun county, Nutrition composition, Forage yield, Spring and autumn pasture, Grazing capacity

摘要： 选新疆阿勒泰富蕴县春秋牧场作为研究对象，采用传统地面测产、化学分析的方法对草地产草量、植被牧草营养成分及载畜量进行研究。结果表明：富蕴县春季时温性草原牧草由蒿子（Artemisia sp.）、针茅（Stipa capillata）、角果藜（Ceratocarpus arenarius）组成，分别占50.57%，41.25%，8.18%（DM），总干物质产草量为277.53 kg·hm^-2；牧草品质中等，以单位羊每天的采食量、粗蛋白质需要量计算的载畜量分别约为2.51，3.27个羊单位·hm^-2。秋季时山地草原由杂草、针茅（Stipa capillata）、苔草（Carex sp.）、羽依草（Alchemilla japonica）、羊茅（Festuca ovina）、蒿子（Artemisia sp.）组成，分别占31.53%，25.19%，17.58%，10.20%，9.74%，5.76%（DM）；总干物质产草量为457.97 kg·hm^-2；牧草的粗蛋白含量低，酸性洗涤纤维含量高，牧草品质低，以单位羊每天的采食量、粗蛋白质需要量计算的载畜量分别约为1.90，1.36个羊单位·hm^-2。春季时温性草原和秋季时山地草原牧草钙磷比例均不平衡，磷缺乏现象严重，应在放牧生产中注意补磷。

关键词: 富蕴县, 春秋牧场, 营养成分, 产草量, 载畜量