Abstract: Herbage-livestock balance management is an effective method for the sustainable development of the grassland ecosystems,and the verification of grassland carrying capacity is the basis and prerequisite for herbage-livestock balance management. Based on field surveys and remote sensing estimation methods,we analyzed the seasonal variations yield of edible herbage and crude protein in the Sanjiangyuan Region (SJY),Qinghai,and calculated the edible herbage carrying capacity and crude protein carrying capacity. The average yield of edible herbage were 20.84,89.86 and 50.27 g·m^-2,and the carrying capacity of edible herbage were 1.18,2.21,and 0.69 (standard sheep unit·ha^-1,Sheep unit·ha^-1,SHU·ha^-1),in the start and peak of the growing season and grass withering season,respectively. The average crude protein yield were 2.63,10.11,and 1.94 g·m^-2. For maintaining basic metabolism and the standard weight of 45 kg sheep,the average crude protein carrying capacity were 8.30,4.98 and 0.89 SHU·ha^-1,and 4.76,2.85 and 0.51 SHU·ha^-1,respectively. The results showed that the carrying capacity of crude protein was higher than that of edible herbage,and the carrying capacity of the east and southeast were higher than that of the west and northwest. According to this distribution pattern,it was suggested that the natural grassland should be reasonably used,and suitable development of cultivated land in the eastern agro-pastoral ecotone;meanwhile,seed-solid agriculture could turn to be vegetative agriculture for livestock husbandry. These measurements would be helpful to achieve the coupling development model of complementary resource allocation between the eastern and central regions in the SJY.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan, Edible herbage yield, Crude protein yield, Carrying capacity, Grassland and herbivore balance management

摘要： 草畜平衡管理是草地可持续发展的有效途径之一，而草地承载力的核定是草畜平衡管理的基础和前提。本文基于野外调查和遥感估算方法，分析了三江源区可食牧草和粗蛋白产量的季节变化，并核算了可食牧草和粗蛋白的理论承载力。结果表明：三江源区高寒草地返青期、盛草期和枯草期可食牧草平均产量分别为20.84，89.86和50.27 g·m^-2；可食牧草承载力分别为1.18，2.21和0.69（标准羊单位·ha^-1，Sheep unit·ha^-1，SHU·ha^-1）；平均粗蛋白产量分别为2.63，10.11和1.94 g·m^-2；在维持基本代谢或45 kg标准羊体重不变情况下，平均粗蛋白理论承载力分别为8.30，4.98，0.89 SHU·ha^-1，和4.76，2.85，0.51 SHU·ha^-1。依据粗蛋白承载力高于可食牧草承载力及东部和东南部向西部和西北部递减的分布格局，建议在东部农牧交错区合理利用天然草地，适度开发耕地，籽实体农业转向营养体农业，实现东部和中部地区资源配置、优势互补的耦合发展模式。

关键词: 三江源, 可食牧草产量, 粗蛋白产量, 承载力, 草地与食草动物平衡管理