Abstract: Seeds are fundamental resources in agricultural production， and the fungi they carried on the surface can be vertically transmitted into host plants， affecting plant health and crop quality. In this study， seeds from six maize （Zea mays） varieties （lines） were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing to investigate the diversity and potential functions of seed-borne fungi. The fungal communities were mainly composed of members from Ascomycota， Basidiomycota， and Mucoromycota， with Ascomycota being dominant. Hypocreales and Mucorales were the predominant fungal orders， and the dominant genera included Fusarium， Rhizopus， and Penicillium. Significant differences in fungal community structure and diversity were observed among different maize varieties （P<0.05）， with Fusarium being more abundant in ‘Mingtian 695’ than in ‘Deguang 168’. Seeds production year also significantly influenced fungal composition. The seeds produced in 2023 had the lowest Fusarium abundance， while those from 2021 had the highest infection rate. Alpha diversity， beta diversity， and LEfSe analyses further revealed distinct community structures among the varieties. Functional predictions identified 68 KEGG metabolic pathways and 27 ecological functions， with pathotroph-saprotroph types being most dominant. Extended storage time increased the abundance of pathogenic fungi and affected energy metabolism pathways. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding seed-borne fungal diversity in maize， assessing seed health， and developing targeted fungicides.

Key words: Maize seed zone fungi, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, Fusarium, Functional prediction

摘要： 种子是农业生产的重要基础资源，其表面携带的真菌可通过垂直传播影响植物健康及农产品质量。本文以6个玉米（Zea mays）品种（品系）为研究对象，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，系统分析种带真菌的多样性及潜在功能。结果显示，6个玉米品种所含的主要真菌群为子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉门，其中子囊菌门占优势；肉座菌目和毛霉目为优势菌目，镰孢菌属、根霉菌属和青霉菌属为主要优势属。不同品种间真菌群落结构及多样性差异显著（P<0.05），如‘明天695’中镰孢菌属丰度高于‘德光168’。种子生产年份也显著影响真菌组成，2023年种子中镰孢菌属丰度最低，2021年种子带菌率最高。Alpha多样性、Beta多样性及LEfSe分析结果均揭示不同品种间群落结构存在差异。功能预测共识别出68个KEGG代谢通路和27类生态功能，病理寄生-腐生功能占主导。储存时间延长可能促进病原真菌积累并影响能量代谢通路。本研究为玉米种带真菌多样性解析、种子健康评估及靶向杀菌剂开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米种子携带真菌, Illumina MiSeq高通量测序, 镰孢菌, 功能预测