Abstract: Twenty one morphological traits of 14 Echinochloa germplasm resources were investigated and observed,correlation,principal component and cluster analyses were conducted to explore the genetic diversity of the morphological traits,to provide theoretical basis for the genetic breeding research of Echinochloa. The results showed that the 14 Echinochloa materials had rich genetic diversity in morphological traits,and genetic diversity indexes of qualitative and quantitative traits varied in the range of 0.26-0.99 and 1.48-1.97,respectively,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 6.01% to 24.59%. Correlation analysis indicated there was a highly significant positive correlation （P<0.01） between leaf length wiht racemes length,panicle length and racemes length,and a significant positive correlation （P<0.05） between leaf length with panicle length,spikelet length,leaf width,the first glume length/spikelet length,stem thickness and plant height. The principal component analysis showed that the first 4 principal components could reflect 86.63% of the information of about the morphological traits,and three resource materials with a composite score （F-value）≥1.538 were identified. The 14 Echinochloa resources could be classified into three groups at the euclidean distance of 20.0. In summary,the barnyard grass germplasm resources have abundant morphological variation,among which the coefficients of variation for four traits,including raceme length,panicle length,leaf length and plant height are larger,and three materials （J,A and M） screened can be further genetically improved and domesticated for cultivation.

Key words: Echinochloa, Quantitative traits, Qualitative traits, Genetic diversity

摘要： 对14份稗草（Echinochloa）种质资源的21项形态性状进行调查观测,并进行相关性、主成分和聚类分析,探究其形态性状遗传多样性,为稗草遗传育种研究提供理论依据。结果表明：14份稗草材料形态性状的遗传多样性较丰富,质量性状和数量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围分别为0.26~0.99和1.48~1.97,变异系数介于6.01%~24.59%之间；相关性分析显示,叶长与总状花序长度、圆锥花序长度与总状花序长度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,叶长与圆锥花序长度、小穗长度,叶宽与第一颖长/小穗长度、茎粗和株高呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；主成分分析表明,前4个主成分可以反映形态性状86.63%的信息,鉴选出综合得分（F值）≥1.538的资源材料3份；在欧式距离20.0可将14份稗草资源划分为3个类群。综上所述,稗草种质资源存在丰富的形态变异,其中总状花序长度、圆锥花序长度、叶长和株高4个性状变异系数较大,筛选出的3份材料（J、A和M）可进一步进行遗传改良和驯化栽培。

关键词: 稗草, 数量性状, 质量性状, 遗传多样性