Effects of Short-Term Warming and Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration Rate in the Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.011

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1445-1457.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.011

Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of Short-Term Warming and Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration Rate in the Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

XIANG Xue-mei, DE Ke-Jia, LIN Wei-shan, FENG Ting-xu, LI Fei, WEI Xi-jie

School of Animal Science and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2024-08-15 Revised:2024-09-18 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-20

短期增温及氮沉降对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤呼吸的影响

向雪梅, 德科加, 林伟山, 冯廷旭, 李菲, 魏希杰

青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海西宁 810016

通讯作者: 德科加,E-mail:dekejia1002@163.com
作者简介:向雪梅（1996-），女，汉族，青海湟源人，博士研究生，主要从事草地适应性管理的研究，E-mail：xiangxuemei09@163.com
基金资助:
青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划项目（2024-NK-137）；称多县一年生饲草种子繁殖与青贮加工贮藏技术研究与示范（2024-NK-P28）；三江源生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站资助

Abstract

Abstract: Global climate warming and nitrogen deposition will change the carbon exchange between grassland ecosystem and atmosphere. However， the response of soil respiration rate and its components to warming and nitrogen deposition in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is unclear. Therefore， this study conducted different levels of warming [W₀ （did not increase temperature ）， W₁（ air temperature increased by 0.47℃， soil temperature increased by 0.61℃）， W₂ （ air temperature increased by 0.92℃， soil temperature increased by 1.09℃）， W₃ （air temperature increased by 1.44℃， soil temperature increased by 1.95℃] and nitrogen deposition [N₀（0 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）， N₁₆ （16 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）， N₃₂ （32 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）] experiments in the alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The effects of biotic and abiotic factors on soil respiration and its components under warming and nitrogen deposition were clarified. The results showed that compared with W₀， soil respiration and its components increased significantly under W₃ treatment. Soil temperature and soil N/P ratio under short-term warming and nitrogen deposition were the key factors affecting soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration. Soil autotrophic respiration is affected by soil ammonium nitrogen， soil temperature， soil nitrate nitrogen and plant Shannon-Wiener index. Combined with the above results， warming and nitrogen deposition will change soil physical and chemical properties and plant community characteristics， and then affect the soil respiration rate and its components of alpine meadow ecosystem.

Key words: Nitrogen deposition, Warming, Soil respiration rate, Soil heterotrophic respiration, Soil autotrophic respiration, Biological factors, Abiotic factors

摘要： 气候变暖及氮沉降会改变草原生态系统与大气之间的碳交换。然而，尚不清楚青藏高原高寒草甸土壤呼吸速率及其组分对增温及氮沉降的响应。因此，本研究在青藏高原高寒草甸进行了不同水平的增温[W₀（不增温）、W₁（空气温度增加0.47℃，土壤温度增加0.61℃）、W₂（空气温度增加0.92℃，土壤温度增加1.09℃）、W₃（空气温度增加1.44℃，土壤温度增加1.95℃）]及氮沉降[（N₀（0 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）、N₁₆（16 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）、N₃₂（32 kg·ha^-1·a^-1）]试验，明确增温及氮沉降下生物因子及非生物因子对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响。结果表明：与W₀相比，土壤呼吸及其组分均在W₃处理下显著增加；短期增温及氮沉降下土壤温度、土壤氮磷比是影响土壤呼吸及土壤异养呼吸的关键因子；土壤自养呼吸会受到土壤铵态氮含量、土壤温度、土壤硝态氮含量及植物香农-威纳指数的影响。综上所述，增温和氮沉降会改变土壤理化性质和植物群落特征，进而影响高寒草甸生态系统的土壤呼吸速率及其组分。

关键词: 氮沉降, 增温, 土壤呼吸速率, 土壤异养呼吸, 土壤自养呼吸, 生物因子, 非生物因子

CLC Number:

S812.2

XIANG Xue-mei, DE Ke-Jia, LIN Wei-shan, FENG Ting-xu, LI Fei, WEI Xi-jie. Effects of Short-Term Warming and Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration Rate in the Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(5): 1445-1457.

向雪梅, 德科加, 林伟山, 冯廷旭, 李菲, 魏希杰. 短期增温及氮沉降对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(5): 1445-1457.

References

[1] CAREY J C，TANG J W，TEMPLER P H，et al. Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2016，113（48）：13797-13802
[2] YAN Y J，WANG J S，TIAN D S，et al. Heterotrophic respiration and its proportion to total soil respiration decrease with warming but increase with clipping[J]. Catena，2022，215：106321
[3] LI D B，WU C S，WU J P. Nitrogen deposition does not change stochastic processes of soil microbial community assembly under climate warming in primary forest[J]. Ecological Indicators，2024，158：111618
[4] MA R Y，YU K，XIAO S Q，et al. Data-driven estimates of fertilizer-induced soil NH₃，NO and N₂O emissions from croplands in China and their climate change impacts[J]. Global Change Biology，2022，28（3）：1008-1022
[5] PANG Z，JIANG L L，WANG S P，et al. Differential response to warming of the uptake of nitrogen by plant species in non-degraded and degraded alpine grasslands[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments，2019，19（5）：2212-2221
[6] MA Z L，ZHAO W Q，LIU M，et al. Responses of soil respiration and its components to experimental warming in an alpine scrub ecosystem on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2018，643：1427-1435
[7] WANG Y F，LV W W，XUE K，et al. Grassland changes and adaptive management on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment，2022，3（10）：668-683
[8] PENG F，ZHANG W J，LI C Y，et al. Sustained increase in soil respiration after nine years of warming in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geoderma，2020，379：114641
[9] ZHAO J X，LUO T X，WEI H X，et al. Increased precipitation offsets the negative effect of warming on plant biomass and ecosystem respiration in a Tibetan alpine steppe[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2019，279：107761
[10] LIN X W，ZHANG Z H，WANG S P，et al. Response of ecosystem respiration to warming and grazing during the growing seasons in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2011，151（7）：792-802
[11] ZHANG J B，LI Q，WU J S，et al. Effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar amendment on soil respiration in a Torreya grandis orchard[J]. Geoderma，2019，355：113918
[12] JANSSENS I A，DIELEMAN W，LUYSSAERT S，et al. Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition[J]. Nature Geoscience，2010，3：315-322
[13] JIANG J，ZONG N，SONG M H，et al. Responses of ecosystem respiration and its components to fertilization in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology，2013，56：101-106
[14] SHI B K，HU G，HENRY H A L，et al. Temporal changes in the spatial variability of soil respiration in a meadow steppe：the role of abiotic and biotic factors[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2020，287：107958
[15] BAI W，WANG G X，XI J Y，et al. Short-term responses of ecosystem respiration to warming and nitrogen addition in an alpine swamp meadow[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology，2019，92：16-23
[16] FU G，SHEN Z X. Asymmetrical warming of growing/non-growing season increases soil respiration during growing season in an alpine meadow[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2022，812：152591
[17] HUANG M，CHEN X P，DEGEN A A，et al. Nitrogen addition stimulated soil respiration more so than carbon addition in alpine meadows[J]. Environmental Research，2023，233：116501
[18] KARHU K，AUFFRET M D，DUNGAIT J A J，et al. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rates enhanced by microbial community response[J]. Nature，2014，513（7516）：81-84
[19] DELGADO-BAQUERIZO M，GIARAMIDA L，REICH P B，et al. Lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning[J]. Journal of Ecology，2016，104（4）：936-946
[20] KNOWLES J F，BLANKEN P D，WILLIAMS M W. Soil respiration variability across a soil moisture and vegetation community gradient within a snow-scoured alpine meadow[J]. Biogeochemistry，2015，125（2）：185-202
[21] PENG F，YOU Q G，XU M H，et al. Effects of experimental warming on soil respiration and its components in an alpine meadow in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. European Journal of Soil Science，2015，66（1）：145-154
[22] WANG X，LIU L L，PIAO S L，et al. Soil respiration under climate warming：differential response of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration[J]. Global Change Biology，2014，20（10）：3229-3237
[23] RIGGS C E，HOBBIE S E. Mechanisms driving the soil organic matter decomposition response to nitrogen enrichment in grassland soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2016，99：54-65
[24] CARDINALE B J，DUFFY J E，GONZALEZ A，et al. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity[J]. Nature，2012，486（7401）：59-67
[25] DONG L Z，ZENG W J，WANG A K，et al. Response of soil respiration and its components to warming and dominant species removal along an elevation gradient in alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Science & Technology，2020，54（17）：10472-10482
[26] WANG F R，LI T T，ZHANG R Y，et al. Extreme precipitation causes divergent responses of root respiration to nitrogen enrichment in an alpine meadow[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2024，912：168568
[27] PENG Y F，LI F，ZHOU G Y， et al. Nonlinear response of soil respiration to increasing nitrogen additions in a Tibetan alpine steppe[J]. Environmental Research Letters， 2017，12（2）：024018
[28] ZHANG D Y，PENG Y F，LI F，et al. Trait identity and functional diversity co-drive response of ecosystem productivity to nitrogen enrichment[J]. Journal of Ecology，2019，107（5）：2402-2414
[29] YAN Y J，QUAN Q，MENG C，et al. Varying soil respiration under long-term warming and clipping due to shifting carbon allocation toward below-ground[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2021，304：108408
[30] WEN J，QIN R M，ZHANG S X，et al. Effects of long-term warming on the aboveground biomass and species diversity in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land，2020，12（2）：252-266
[31] ZHANG Z C，LIU Y F，CUI Z，et al. Shrub encroachment impaired the structure and functioning of alpine meadow communities on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Land Degradation & Development，2022，33（14）：2454-2463
[32] 宁玉娜，王占义，高翠萍，等. 不同放牧强度对荒漠草原土壤呼吸速率及其温度敏感性的影响[J]. 草地学报，2024，32（10）：3233-3240
[33] 崔璐瑶，邱开阳，王建宇，等. 退耕年限对压砂地植物群落及土壤化学计量特征的影响[J]. 草地学报，2024，32（10）：3133-3140
[34] YANG S Q，ZHAO W W，PEREIRA P. Determinations of environmental factors on interactive soil properties across different land-use types on the Loess Plateau，China[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2020，738：140270
[35] WANG G X，MAO T X，CHANG J，et al. Impacts of surface soil organic content on the soil thermal dynamics of alpine meadows in permafrost regions：data from field observations[J]. Geoderma，2014，232：414-425
[36] LIU C X，WANG Y Q，CHEN H H，et al. High level of winter warming aggravates soil carbon，nitrogen loss and changes greenhouse gas emission characteristics in seasonal freeze-thaw farmland soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2023，905：167180
[37] DING X L，CHEN S Y，ZHANG B，et al. Warming increases microbial residue contribution to soil organic carbon in an alpine meadow[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2019，135：13-19
[38] WANG H Y，WU J Q，LI G，et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil active carbon fractions in a wet meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition，2022，22（3）：2943-2954
[39] ZHU K，CHIARIELLO N R，TOBECK T，et al. Nonlinear，interacting responses to climate limit grassland production under global change[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2016，113（38）：10589-10594
[40] STOICA I，TABATABAEI ANARAKI M，MURATORE T，et al. Chronic warming and nitrogen-addition alter soil organic matter molecular composition distinctly in tandem compared to individual stressors[J]. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry，2023，7（3）：609-622
[41] WEI J J，ZHOU H K，SHAO X Q，et al. Effects of short- and long-term plant functional group loss on alpine meadow community structure and soil nutrients[J]. Ecology and Evolution，2024，14（3）：e10919
[42] YUE K，JARVIE S，SENIOR A M，et al. Changes in plant diversity and its relationship with productivity in response to nitrogen addition，warming and increased rainfall[J]. Oikos，2020，129（7）：939-952
[43] MA L，ZHANG Z H，SHI G X，et al. Warming changed the relationship between species diversity and primary productivity of alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Ecological Indicators，2022，145：109691
[44] WANG Q，ZHANG Z H，DU R，et al. Richness of plant communities plays a larger role than climate in determining responses of species richness to climate change[J]. Journal of Ecology，2019，107（4）：1944-1955
[45] WANG J W，LI M，YU C Q，et al. The change in environmental variables linked to climate change has a stronger effect on aboveground net primary productivity than does phenological change in alpine grasslands[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science，2022，12：798633
[46] PENG F，XUE X，XU M H，et al. Warming-induced shift towards forbs and grasses and its relation to the carbon sequestration in an alpine meadow[J]. Environmental Research Letters，2017，12（4）：044010
[47] GANJURJAV H，GAO Q Z，GORNISH E S，et al. Differential response of alpine steppe and alpine meadow to climate warming in the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2016，223：233-240
[48] LIU H Y，MI Z R，LIN L，et al. Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2018，115（16）：4051-4056
[49] HAN Y H，DONG S K，ZHAO Z Z，et al. Response of soil nutrients and stoichiometry to elevated nitrogen deposition in alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Geoderma，2019，343：263-268
[50] ZHANG R，SHEN H，DONG S K，et al. Effects of 5-year nitrogen addition on species composition and diversity of an alpine steppe plant community on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Plants，2022，11（7）：966
[51] KWAKU E A，DONG S K，SHEN H，et al. Biomass and species diversity of different alpine plant communities respond differently to nitrogen deposition and experimental warming[J]. Plants，2021，10（12）：2719
[52] ZHANG T，GUO R，GAO S，et al. Responses of plant community composition and biomass production to warming and nitrogen deposition in a temperate meadow ecosystem[J]. Plos One，2015，10（4）：e0123160
[53] HAUTIER Y，NIKLAUS P A，HECTOR A. Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication[J]. Science，2009，324（5927）：636-638
[54] MAO W，ZHAO X Y，ZHANG T H，et al. Divergent interactive impacts on productivity and functional diversity from fluctuated snowfall and continuous nitrogen pollution within Inner Mongolian[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2020，704：135443
[55] DAI L C，KE X，DU Y G，et al. Nitrogen controls the net primary production of an alpine Kobresia meadow in the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Ecology and Evolution，2019，9（15）：8865-8875
[56] SHEN H，DONG S K，DITOMMASO A，et al. Nitrogen deposition shifts grassland communities through directly increasing dominance of graminoids：a 3-year case study from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science，2022，13：811970
[57] ATKIN O K，EDWARDS E J，LOVEYS B R. Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming[J]. New Phytologist，2000，147（1）：141-154
[58] FANG C，YE J S，GONG Y H，et al. Seasonal responses of soil respiration to warming and nitrogen addition in a semi-arid alfalfa-pasture of the Loess Plateau，China[J]. Science of the Total Environment，2017，590：729-738
[59] CHANG R Y，LIU S G，CHEN L Y，et al. Soil organic carbon becomes newer under warming at a permafrost site on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2021，152：108074
[60] FANG C，LI F M，PEI J Y，et al. Impacts of warming and nitrogen addition on soil autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration in a semi-arid environment[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2018，248：449-457
[61] WU J Y，PANG Z，SUN T J，et al. Soil respiration simulation based on soil temperature and water content in artificial smooth brome grassland[J]. The Rangeland Journal，2016，38（6）：579
[62] MEIER I C，ANGERT A，FALIK O，et al. Increased root oxygen uptake in pea plants responding to non-self neighbors[J]. Planta，2013，238（3）：577-586

Effects of Short-Term Warming and Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration Rate in the Alpine Meadow of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

短期增温及氮沉降对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤呼吸的影响

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	MENG Qing-xian, LUO Qin, ZHAO Zhi-li, DUAN Xin-hui, HAN Bo. Responses of Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Three Asteraceae Weeds to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(9): 2832-2842.
[2]	GUANG Rui-lin, WU Shuai-kai, HAN Fei, WANG Chang-hui, DONG Kuan-hu, SU Yuan. Effects of Warming on Litter Decomposition in Grassland Ecosystem: a Meta-Analysis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(4): 1156-1162.
[3]	ZHANG Ni, CHEN Ke-long, YANG Zi-wei, YANG Yan-li, LI Ying, WANG Ming-yu. Response of cbbL Carbon Sequestration Microorganisms to Simulated Warming in the Marsh Wetland of Qinghai Lake [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(3): 728-738.
[4]	SUN Zhi-qiang, HAN Chun-xue, LI Hai-gang. Responses of Soil Respiration and its Components to Persistent Drought and Rewetting in Desert Steppe [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 535-546.
[5]	MA Qun, BAI Wei, MOU Guo-xu, CHEN Meng-jia, MA Ruo-bing, WANG Yi-bo. Effects of Warming on Soil Aggregate Stability and Contents of Carbon and Nitrogen in Alpine Swamp Meadow [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 547-555.
[6]	WANG Ze-yue, WANG Wen-ying, XIONG You-cai, CHEN Xiao-yue, WANG Yu-xing, MA Yan-mei, YANG Fang-kun. Effects of Simulated Warming on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Components Under Different Altitude Gradients in Qilian [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(10): 3318-3329.
[7]	FAN Yong-shuai, YANG Zhe, LIU Si-qi, SU De-rong, LI Yao-ming, SIQUE Duo-ji. Combined Effects of Warming,Snow Increase and Grazing on Soil Microorganisms in Alpine Meadows of the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(6): 1710-1718.
[8]	QI Zhi-yuan, MA Teng-fei, YI Li-kai, NING Ya-nan, WU Shuai-kai, DIAO Hua-jie, SU Yuan, XU Pei-dong, HAO Jie, DONG Kuan-hu. Responses of Soil Microorganism to Short-Term OTC Warming in A Temperate Grassland of Agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern Shanxi [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(6): 1789-1799.
[9]	CAO Ming, WANG Wen-ying, XU Jin, ZHOU Hua-kun, LIU Yan-fang, QUE La-mu, YANG Yu-qing. The Study about Thermal Effect of Qinghai Lycoperdales Fungus Fairy Ring [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(3): 812-817.
[10]	GONG Ze-lin, EER Demutu, SU Xiao-gang, CHENG Rong-rong, YANG He-ming, ZHANG Xiao-lin, ZHAI Peng-hui. Effects of Water and Fertilizer Addition on Soil Respiration Rate in Grass-field Rotation System [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(2): 562-569.
[11]	NING Yu-na, WANG Zhan-yi, GAO Cui-ping, LYU Guang-yi, YANG Chang-xiang, ZHANG Chun-ying, WANG Cheng-jie. Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Soil Respiration Rate and its Temperature Sensitivity in Desert Steppe [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(10): 3233-3240.
[12]	ZHANG Ye, LIU Xin-mei, FAN Yue, ZHANG Wei-wei, WU Ju-ying, WANG Dong-li, ZOU Jun-liang. Effects of Warming and Litter Removal on Soil Respiration in Artificial Grasslands [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(1): 248-260.
[13]	HAN Fei, SU Yuan, YANG Qian-wen, WANG Ge, CHANG Jie, ZHAO Fang-cao, DIAO Hua-jie, DONG Kuan-hu, WANG Chang-hui. Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Net Nitrogen Mineralization in Grassland Soil in an Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern Shanxi [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(9): 2759-2768.
[14]	YIN Zheng-hui, CHEN Xin-feng, LHA Duo. Analysis on the Niche and Interspecific Association of Dominant Plant Species in Alpine Meadow under Simulated Warming and Grazing [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(5): 1302-1313.
[15]	XU Guang-shuai, MA Wei-wei, CHANG Wen-hua, YANG Yong-kai, CHEN Hao. Effects of Warming and Nitrogen Application on N₂O Emission from Swamp Meadow in Gahai Wetland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(5): 1511-1519.