Effects of Phosphorus Addition on Biomass and Root Plasticity of Different Alfalfa Varieties

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.002

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 392-402.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.002

Effects of Phosphorus Addition on Biomass and Root Plasticity of Different Alfalfa Varieties

FENG Zi-xuan, XU Zi-ying, MA Hong-yan, JING Jing-ying

1. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2025-04-11 Revised:2025-06-06 Published:2026-01-22

磷添加对不同品种苜蓿生物量及根系可塑性的影响

冯恣萱, 许紫莹, 马红艳, 荆晶莹

1. 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193

通讯作者: 荆晶莹，E-mail:jingying.jing@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:冯恣萱（2002-），女，汉族，四川成都人，硕士研究生，主要从事草地生产与利用研究，E-mail:15228827090@163.com；
基金资助:
中法农业生态—农业绿色发展国际联合实验室项目（2024YFE0105000）资助

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the responses of alfalfa root morphological traits to phosphorus supply， a total of 31 plant materials were selected comprising 30 varieties of Medicago sativa L. and one variety of Medicago falcata L.， and three levels of phosphorus addition treatments were set up at P₅ （5 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）， P₂₀ （20 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）， and P₅₀ （50 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）. To screen low phosphorus tolerant alfalfa varieties with high phosphorus use efficiency， we measured the aboveground and belowground biomass and root morphological indices for the 31 alfalfa varieties. The results indicated that the aboveground and belowground biomass of alfalfa were lowest under P₅ treatment. With increasing phosphorus supply， the aboveground biomass of alfalfa significantly increased， reaching its highest level under the P₅₀ treatment. Under the P₂₀ and P₅₀ treatments， the root biomass of alfalfa was significantly higher than that under P₅， but there was no significant difference between P₂₀ and P₅₀. However， the root morphology showed significant variation among different varieties. Among them， ‘HD’‘Algonguin’‘Magna Graze II’ and ‘Longmu 801’ had higher biomass than other varieties， and exhibited greater root morphological plasticity with higher root length， root volume， root surface area， and root diameter， which demonstrated tolerance to low phosphorus condition. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing alfalfa cultivation and improving phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency.

Key words: Phosphorus level, Alfalfa, Root morphology, Phosphorus-efficient varieties

摘要： 为研究苜蓿根系形态的可塑性对不同磷供应强度的响应，选取30个不同的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）品种和1个黄花苜蓿（Medicago falcata L.）品种，分别设置P₅（5 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）、P₂₀（20 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）和P₅₀（50 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄）三个水平的磷添加处理，通过测定31个品种苜蓿的地上、地下生物量及根系形态指标，明确不同品种的苜蓿响应不同磷添加水平的差异，以期筛选出耐低磷的磷高效苜蓿品种。结果表明，P₅处理下苜蓿地上和地下生物量最低，随着供磷量的增加，苜蓿的地上生物量显著提高，在P₅₀处理下最高。在P₂₀和P₅₀处理下，苜蓿的根系生物量显著高于P₅处理，而根系形态在不同品种间差异显著。其中 ‘旱地’‘阿尔冈金’‘Magna Graze II’‘龙牧801’ 在低磷水平下较其他品种生物量高，且根长、根体积、根表面积以及根直径表现出更强的可塑性，为极耐低磷的磷高效品种。研究结果为苜蓿的合理栽培、磷肥利用率的提高提供科学依据。

关键词: 磷水平, 苜蓿, 根系形态, 磷高效品种

FENG Zi-xuan, XU Zi-ying, MA Hong-yan, JING Jing-ying. Effects of Phosphorus Addition on Biomass and Root Plasticity of Different Alfalfa Varieties[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(2): 392-402.

冯恣萱, 许紫莹, 马红艳, 荆晶莹. 磷添加对不同品种苜蓿生物量及根系可塑性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(2): 392-402.

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Effects of Phosphorus Addition on Biomass and Root Plasticity of Different Alfalfa Varieties

磷添加对不同品种苜蓿生物量及根系可塑性的影响

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